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Bài 1 :
\(e,x^2+2xy+y^2-2x-2y+1\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)^2\)
Bài 2:
\(b,2x^3+3x^2+2x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^3+2x\right)+\left(3x^2+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x^2+1\right)+3\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(2x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3=0\left(x^2+1>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
a) x2+y2-4x+4y+8=0
⇔ (x-2)2+(y+2)2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)5x2-4xy+y2=0
⇔ x2+(2x-y)2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)x2+2y2+z2-2xy-2y-4z+5=0
⇔ (x-y)2+(y-1)2+(z-2)2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-1=0\\z-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: Ta có: \(5x^2-4xy+y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}xy+y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}y+\dfrac{4}{25}y^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2x^2+2y^2+z^2-2x+2y+2xy+2yz+2zx+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=-y=z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=x^{2018}+y^{2018}+z^{2018}=1^{2018}+\left(-1\right)^{2018}+1^{2018}=3\)
...
\(2x^2+2y^2+z^2+25-6y-2xy-8x+2z\left(y-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-2z\left(x-y\right)+z+\left(x^2-8x+16\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2-2z\left(x-y\right)+z^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-z\right)^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y-z=0\\x-4=0\\y-3=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}z=1\\x=4\\y=3\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(x=4\), \(y=3\), \(z=1\)
b, x2 +y2+z2 +2x-4y-6z+14=0
<=> (x2+2x+1)+(y2-4y+4)+(z2-6z+9)=0
<=> (x+1)2+(y-2)2+(z-3)2=0
=>(x+1)2=(y-2)2=(z-3)2=0
=>x+1=y-2=z-3=0
=> x=-1; y=2; z=3
c, 2x2+y2-6x-4y+2xy+5=0
<=> (x2+y2+4+2xy-4x-4y)+(x2-2x+1)=0
<=> (x+y-2)2+(x-1)2=0
=> (x+y-2)2=(x-1)2=0
=>x+y-2=x-1=0
=>x=1; y=1
Lời giải:
\(3x^2+y^2+z^2+2x-2y+2xy+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2+1+2xy-2y-2x)+2(x^2+2x+1)+z^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y-1)^2+2(x+1)^2+z^2=0\)
Vì \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y-1)^2\geq 0\\ (x+1)^2\geq 0\\ z^2\geq 0\end{matrix}\right., \forall x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}\)
Do đó: \((x+y-1)^2+2(x+1)^2+z^2\geq 0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y-1)^2=0\\ (x+1)^2=0\\ z^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=-1\\ y=2\\ z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)