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1/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+x+1}=ln\left|x^2+x+1\right||^1_0=ln3\)
2/ \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{5x}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}dx=-\dfrac{5}{2}\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{d\left(1-x^2\right)}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}=\dfrac{5}{4}\dfrac{1}{\left(1-x^2\right)^2}|^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0=\dfrac{35}{36}\)
3/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)^3}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x+1=t\Rightarrow x=t-1\Rightarrow dx=dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=1\\x=1\Rightarrow t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2\left(t-1\right)dt}{t^3}=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{2}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t^3}\right)dt=\left(\dfrac{-2}{t}+\dfrac{1}{t^2}\right)|^2_1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
4/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}dx\)
Kĩ thuật chung là tách và sử dụng hệ số bất định như sau:
\(\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{ax+b}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{x+2}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)x^2+\left(2a+b\right)x+2b+c}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=0\\2a+b=4\\2b+c=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=0\\a=-c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{2x}{x^2+1}-\dfrac{2}{x+2}\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2+1}-2\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x+2\right)}{x+2}=ln\dfrac{8}{9}\)
5/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{x^2dx}{x^6-9}\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x^3=t\Rightarrow3x^2dx=dt\Rightarrow x^2dx=\dfrac{1}{3}dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=1\Rightarrow t=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{t^2-9}=\dfrac{1}{18}\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{1}{t-3}-\dfrac{1}{t+3}\right)dt=\dfrac{1}{18}ln\left|\dfrac{t-3}{t+3}\right||^1_0=-\dfrac{1}{18}ln2\)
6/ Tương tự câu 4, sử dụng hệ số bất định ta tách được:
\(\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2x-1}{x^2\left(x+1\right)}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3x-1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=\left(3ln\left|\dfrac{x}{x+1}\right|+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)|^2_1=3ln\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{x-2}{5}=\frac{2x-3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right).4=5.\left(2x-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-8=10x-15\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-10x=8-15\)
\(\Rightarrow-6x=-7\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{7}{6}\)
Vậy \(x=\frac{7}{6}\)
Giải :
Ta có : \(\frac{x-2}{5}=\frac{2x-3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right),4=5,\left(2x-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-8=10x-15\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-10x=8-15\)
\(\Rightarrow-6x=-7\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{7}{6}\)
Vậy \(x\) là \(\frac{7}{6}\)
Biến đổi: ʃ\(\int\dfrac{1dx}{cosx\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(cosx-sinx\right)}=\int\dfrac{\sqrt{2}dx}{cos^2x\left(1-tanx\right)}=\int\dfrac{\sqrt{2}d\left(tanx\right)}{1-tanx}=-\sqrt{2}\ln trituyetdoi\left(1-tanx\right)\)
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1) Đặt \(2+lnx=t\Leftrightarrow x=e^{t-2}\Rightarrow dx=e^{t-2}dt\)
\(I_1=\int\left(\frac{t-2}{t}\right)^2\cdot e^{t-2}\cdot dt=\int\left(1-\frac{4}{t}+\frac{4}{t^2}\right)e^{t-2}dt\\ =\int e^{t-2}dt-4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t}dt+4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt\)
Có:
\(4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt=-4\int e^{t-2}\cdot d\left(\frac{1}{t}\right)=-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}+4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t}dt\\ \Leftrightarrow4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt-4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^{ }}dt=-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}\)
Vậy \(I_1=\int e^{t-2}dt-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}=e^{t-2}-\frac{4e^{t-2}}{t}+C\)
3) Đặt \(t=\sqrt{1+\sqrt[3]{x^2}}\Rightarrow t^2-1=\sqrt[3]{x^2}\Leftrightarrow x^2=\left(t^2-1\right)^3\)
\(d\left(x^2\right)=d\left[\left(t^2-1\right)^3\right]\Leftrightarrow2x\cdot dx=6t\left(t^2-1\right)^2\cdot dt\)
\(I_3=\int\frac{3t\left(t^2-1\right)^2}{t}dt=3\int\left(t^4-2t^2+1\right)dt=...\)
1/
\(\Leftrightarrow12.3^x+3.15^x-5.5^x-20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3.3^x\left(4+5^x\right)-5\left(5^x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4+5^x\right)\left(3^{x+1}-5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3^{x+1}=5\Rightarrow x+1=log_53\Rightarrow x=log_5\frac{3}{5}\)
2/ \(\Leftrightarrow2^{2x^2+2x}-2^{x^2+2x+1}+2^{1-x^2}-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^{2x^2+2x}\left(1-2^{1-x^2}\right)-\left(1-2^{1-x^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-2^{1-x^2}\right)\left(2^{2x^2+2x}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2^{1-x^2}=1\\2^{2x^2+2x}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}1-x^2=0\\2x^2+2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)
3/ \(\Leftrightarrow6^x-3^x-\left(2^x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^x\left(2^x-1\right)-\left(2^x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3^x-1\right)\left(2^x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3^x=1\\2^x=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=0\)