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\(a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2c^2\left(b-c\right)+c^2a^2\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2c^2\left[\left(a-b\right)+\left(c-a\right)\right]+c^2a^2\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2c^2\left(a-b\right)+c^2a^2\left(c-a\right)-b^2c^2\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)b^2\left(a-c\right)\left(a+c\right)+\left(c-a\right)c^2\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(ab^2+cb^2-c^2a-c^2b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(a^2\left(b-2c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+2c^2\left(a-b\right)+abc\)
\(=2c^2\left(a-b\right)+a^2b-ab^2+b^2c-a^2c+abc-a^2c\)
\(=2c^2\left(a-b\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)-ac\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(2c^2+ab-ac-cb-ac\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-2c\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(x^2+3x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}=-3\)(vì \(x=0\)không là nghiệm)
Ta có:
\(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^3-3\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right).x.\frac{1}{x}=-3^3-3.\left(-3\right)=-18\)
\(x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)^2-2=\left[\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2-2\right]^2-2=47\)
\(\left(x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}\right)\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)=x^7+\frac{1}{x^7}+x+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^7+\frac{1}{x^7}=\left(x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}\right)\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)-\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)=-18.47-\left(-3\right)=-843\)
a: \(=a^2b-ab^2+b^2c-bc^2+c^2a-ca^2\)
\(=a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-ac+b^2-bc+c^2\right)\)
b: \(=b^2c+bc^2+ac^2-a^2c-a^2b-ab^2\)
\(=b^2\left(c-a\right)+b\left(c^2-a^2\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=\left(c-a\right)\left(b^2+ac+b\left(c+a\right)\right)\)
\(=\left(c-a\right)\left(b^2+ac+bc+ba\right)\)
\(=\left(c-a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\)
b+c\(\ge\) \(2\sqrt{bc}\)
(a+2b)(a+2c) =\(a^2 +2ac+2ab+ 4bc= a^2+2a(b+c) +4bc\)
\(\ge\)\(a^2+4a.\sqrt{bc}+4bc=\left(a+2\sqrt{bc}\right)^2\)
\(=>\sqrt{\left(a+2b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}=a+2\sqrt{bc}\)
tương tự: \(\sqrt{\left(b+2a\right)\left(b+2c\right)}=b+2\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(c+2a\right)\left(c+2b\right)}=c+2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(=>\sqrt{\left(a+2b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b+2a\right)\left(b+2c\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c+2b\right)\left(c+2a\right)}\ge a+b+c+2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ac}=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2=3\)
khi a=b=c ( a,b,c nguyên dương nên a+b+c>0)
=> \(3\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{3}=>\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{c}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Thay vào M=\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Nhức nhối mãi bài này vì nó làm lag hết máy
Giải
Đặt \(x=\dfrac{b+c}{a};y=\dfrac{c+a}{b};z=\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
Ta phải chứng minh \(Σ\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{x^2+2}\le8\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+2}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lại theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(Σ\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+2}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z-3\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+6}\)
Ta còn phải chứng minh
\(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz-6x-6y-6z+9\right)\)\(\ge x^2+y^2+z^2+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+4\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-12\left(x+y+z\right)+12\ge0\)
Bây giờ có \(xy+yz+xz\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\ge12\left(xyz\ge8\right)\)
Còn phải chứng minh \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2+24-12\left(x+y+z\right)+12\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z-6\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Bởi vì BĐT là thuần nhất, ta có thể chuẩn hóa \(a+b+c=3\). Khi đó
\(\dfrac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2+6a+9}{3a^2-6a+9}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+2\cdot\dfrac{4a+3}{2+\left(a-1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+2\cdot\dfrac{4a+3}{2}\right)=\dfrac{4a+4}{3}\)
Tương tự ta cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{\left(2b+c+a\right)^2}{2b^2+\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4b+4}{3};\dfrac{\left(2c+b+a\right)^2}{2c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4c+4}{3}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(Σ\dfrac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}\geΣ\left(4a+4\right)=8\)