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a) \(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+5x\right)\)
b) \(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)^2\)
c) \(=\left(x^2+1-2x\right)\left(x^2+1+2x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
d) \(=3\left(x+3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(3-x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(6-x\right)\)
e) \(=\left(x^2-\frac{1}{3}x\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1}{3}x\right)\)
f) \(=2x\left(x-y\right)-16\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=2\left(x-y\right)\left(x-8\right)\)
Áp dụng HĐT a2 - b2 = ( a - b )( a + b )
và tính chất an.bn = ( a.b )n ( với n ∈ N* )
a) ( 3x + 1 )2 - ( x + 1 )2
= [ ( 3x + 1 ) - ( x + 1 ) ][ ( 3x + 1 ) + ( x + 1 ) ]
= ( 3x + 1 - x - 1 )( 3x + 1 + x + 1 )
= 2x( 4x + 2 )
= 2x.2( 2x + 1 )
= 4x( 2x + 1 )
b) ( x + y )2 - ( x - y )2
= [ ( x + y ) - ( x - y ) ][ ( x + y ) + ( x - y ) ]
= ( x + y - x + y )( x + y + x - y )
= 2y.2x = 4xy
c) ( 2xy + 1 )2 - ( 2x + y )2
= [ ( 2xy + 1 ) - ( 2x + y ) ][ ( 2xy + 1 ) + ( 2x + y ) ]
= ( 2xy + 1 - 2x - y )( 2xy + 1 + 2x + y )
= [ ( 2xy - 2x ) - ( y - 1 ) ][ ( 2xy + 2x ) + ( y + 1 ) ]
= [ 2x( y - 1 ) - ( y - 1 ) ][ 2x( y + 1 ) + ( y + 1 ) ]
= ( y - 1 )( 2x - 1 )9 y + 1 )( 2x + 1 )
d) 9( x - y )2 - 4( x + y )2
= 32( x - y )2 - 22( x + y )2
= [ 3( x - y ) ]2 - [ 2( x + y ) ]2
= ( 3x - 3y )2 - ( 2x + 2y )2
= [ ( 3x - 3y ) - ( 2x + 2y ) ][ ( 3x - 3y ) + ( 2x + 2y ) ]
= ( 3x - 3y - 2x - 2y )( 3x - 3y + 2x + 2y )
= ( x - 5y )( 5x - y )
e) ( 3x - 2y )2 - ( 2x - 3y )2
= [ ( 3x - 2y ) - ( 2x - 3y ) ][ ( 3x - 2y ) + ( 2x - 3y ) ]
= ( 3x - 2y - 2x + 3y )( 3x - 2y + 2x - 3y )
= ( x + y )( 5x - 5y )
= ( x + y )5( x - y )
f) ( 4x2 - 4x + 1 ) - ( x + 1 )2
= ( 2x - 1 )2 - ( x + 1 )2
= [ ( 2x - 1 ) - ( x + 1 ) ][ ( 2x - 1 ) + ( x + 1 ) ]
= ( 2x - 1 - x - 1 )( 2x - 1 + x + 1 )
= 3x( x - 2 )
\(b,y^2\left(x^2+y\right)-x^2z-yz\)
\(=y^2\left(x^2+y\right)-z\left(x^2+y\right)=\left(y^2-z\right)\left(x^2+y\right)\)
\(c,3x\left(x+1\right)^2-5x^2\left(x+1\right)+7x+7\)
\(=3x\left(x+1\right)^2-5x^2\left(x+1\right)+7\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[3x\left(x+1\right)-5x^2+7\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(3x-2x^2+7\right)\)
\(d,x^3-27+x\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)+x\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+4x+9\right)\)
a)
\(12xy-4x^2y+8xy^2\\ =4xy\cdot\left(3-x+2y\right)\)
b)
\(4x\cdot\left(x-2y\right)-8y\cdot\left(x-2y\right)\\ =4\cdot\left(x-2y\right)\cdot\left(x-2y\right)\\ =4\cdot\left(x-2y\right)^2\)
c)
\(25x^2\cdot\left(y-1\right)-5x^3\cdot\left(1-y\right)\\ =-25x^2\cdot\left(1-y\right)-5x^3\cdot\left(1-y\right)\\ =\left(1-y\right)\cdot\left(-25x^2-5x^3\right)\\ =5x^2\left(1-y\right)\cdot\left(-5-x\right)\)
d)
\(3x\cdot\left(a-x\right)+4a\cdot\left(a-x\right)\\ =\left(a-x\right)\cdot\left(3x+4a\right)\)
e)
\(x^3-3x^2+2\\ =x^3-x^2-2x^2+2\\ =x^2\cdot\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x^2-1\right)\\ =x^2\cdot\left(x-1\right)-2\cdot\left(x-1\right)\cdot\left(x+1\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left[x^2-2\cdot\left(x+1\right)\right]\\ =\left(x-1\right)\cdot-\left(x^2+2x+1\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\cdot-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
b: \(=x\left(x^3+x^2+2\right)\)
c: \(=x^4-2x^2+1-x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-1\right)^2-x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-x-1\right)\left(x^2+x-1\right)\)
d: \(=4x\left(x-2y\right)+8y\left(2y-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(4x-8y\right)\)
\(=4\left(x-2y\right)^2\)
e: \(=3x\left(x+1\right)^2-5x^2\left(x+1\right)+7\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[3x\left(x+1\right)-5x^2+7\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(3x^2+3x-5x^2+7\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(-2x^2+3x+7\right)\)