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a) x4 + 2x3 + x2 = x2.(x2 + 2x + 1) = x2(x + 1)2
b) x3 - x + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 - y = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 - x - y = (x + y)3 - (x + y) = (x + y)[(x + y)2 - 1] = (x + y - 1)(x + y)(x + y + 1)
c) 5x2 - 10xy + 5y2 - 20z2 = 5.(x2 - 2xy + y2 - 4z2) = 5[(x - y)2 - (2z)2] = 5(x - y - 2z)(x - y + 2z)
\(a,x^4+2x^3+x^2=x^2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=x^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(b,x^3-x+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3-y=\left(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-1\right)\)
\(c,5x^2-10xy+5y^2-20z^2=5\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-4z^2\right)=5\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4z^2\right]\)
\(=5\left[\left(x-y+2z\right)\left(x-y-2z\right)\right]\)
\(x^3-x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
a: \(3x^3-75x\)
\(=3x\left(x^2-25\right)\)
\(=3x\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
b: \(x^4y^2-12x^3y^2+48x^2y^2-64xy^2\)
\(=xy^2\left(x^3-12x^2+48x-64\right)\)
\(=xy^2\cdot\left(x-4\right)^3\)
Bài 2:
1) \(x^2-4x+4=\left(x-2\right)^2\)
2) \(x^2-9=x^2-3^2=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
3) \(1-8x^3=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x+4x^2\right)\)
4) \(\left(x-y\right)^2-9x^2=\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(3x\right)^2=\left(x-y-3x\right)\left(x-y+3x\right)=\left(-2x-y\right)\left(4x-y\right)\)
5) \(\dfrac{1}{25}x^2-64y^2=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x-8y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x+8y\right)\)
6) \(8x^3-\dfrac{1}{8}=\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(1,x^2+5x-6=x^2-x+6x-6=x\left(x-1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(3,7x-6x^2-2=-6x^2+7x-2=-6x^2+3x+4x-2=3x\left(-2x+1\right)+2\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(=3x\left(1-2x\right)-2\left(1-2x\right)=\left(1-2x\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)
\(2,5x^2+5xy-x-y=5x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
a) \(x^4-4x^2-4x-1=\left(x^4-1\right)-4x\left(x+1\right)=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)-4x\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left[\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-1\right)-4x\right]=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2+x-1-4x\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2-3x-1\right)\)
b) \(10x^4y^2-10x^3y^2-10x^2y^2+10xy^2=10xy^2\left(x^3-x^2-x+1\right)=10xy^2\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)\)
a: \(x^4-4x^2-4x-1\)
\(=\left(x^4-1\right)-4x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)-4x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+x-x^2-1-4x\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2-3x-1\right)\)
b: \(10x^4y^2-10x^3y^2-10x^2y^2+10xy^2\)
\(=10xy^2\left(x^3-x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=10xy^2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-x\left(x+1\right)\right]\)
\(=10xy^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\)
a) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)-4=\left(x^2+6x+5\right)\left(x^2+6x+8\right)-4\)
Đặt \(t=x^2+6x+5\)
\(PT=t\left(t+3\right)-4=t^2+3t-4=\left(t-1\right)\left(t+4\right)\)
Thay t: \(PT=\left(x^2+6x+5-1\right)\left(x^2+6x+5+4\right)=\left(x^2+6x+4\right)\left(x^2+6x+9\right)=\left(x^2+6x+4\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
b) Đặt \(t=\left(2x+1\right)^2\)
\(PT=t^2-3t+2=\left(t^2-3t+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{4}=\left(t+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}=\left(t+1\right)\left(t+2\right)\)
Thay t:
\(PT=\left[\left(2x+1\right)^2+1\right]\left[\left(2x+1\right)^2+2\right]=\left[4x^2+4x+2\right]\left[4x^2+4x+3\right]=2\left[2x^2+2x+1\right]\left[4x^2+4x+3\right]\)