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a/ x4 +5x3 +10x-4
=(x4- 4)+(5x3 + 10x)
=(x2+2) (x2-2) + 5x(x2 +2 )
=(x2+2)(x2 -2 +5x)
b/x5 - x4 +x3 -x2 +x-1
=x4(x-1)+x3(x-1)+(x-1)
=(x-1)(x4+x3+1)
1)7x(x-5)-x(x-5)=(x-5)(7x-x)=6x(x-5)
2)x4+3x3+x+3=x3(x+3)+(x+3)=(x+3)(x3+1)=(x+3)(x+1)(x2-x+1)
3)x4+64=[(x2)2+2.x2.8+64]-16x2=(x2+8)2-(4x)2=(x2+4x+8)(x2-4x+8)
Áp dụng tính chất \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) ta đc
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left(x+y\right)z\left(x+y+z\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-\left(x+y+z\right)\left(3xz-3yz-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3xz-3yz-3xy\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+x^2+2xy+2yz+2xz-3xz-3yz-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
\(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)-\left(2x+4y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
\begin{array}{l} a){\left( {ab - 1} \right)^2} + {\left( {a + b} \right)^2}\\ = {a^2}{b^2} - 2ab + 1 + {a^2} + 2ab + {b^2}\\ = {a^2}{b^2} + 1 + {a^2} + {b^2}\\ = {a^2}\left( {{b^2} + 1} \right) + \left( {{b^2} + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {{a^2} + 1} \right)\left( {{b^2} + 1} \right)\\ c){x^3} - 4{x^2} + 12x - 27\\ = {x^3} - 27 + \left( { - 4{x^2} + 12x} \right)\\ = \left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 3x + 9} \right) - 4x\left( {x - 3} \right)\\ = \left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 3x + 9 - 4x} \right)\\ = \left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {{x^2} - x + 9} \right)\\ b){x^3} + 2{x^2} + 2x + 1\\ = {x^3} + 2{x^2} + x + x + 1\\ = x\left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right) + \left( {x + 1} \right)\\ = x{\left( {x + 1} \right)^2} + \left( {x + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x\left( {x + 1} \right) + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)\\ d){x^4} - 2{x^3} + 2x - 1\\ = {x^4} - 2{x^3} + {x^2} - {x^2} + 2x - 1\\ = {x^2}\left( {{x^2} - 2x + 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2x + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {{x^2} - 2x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)\\ = {\left( {x - 1} \right)^2}\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)\\ = {\left( {x - 1} \right)^3}\left( {x + 1} \right)\\ e){x^4} + 2{x^3} + 2{x^2} + 2x + 1\\ = {x^4} + 2{x^3} + {x^2} + {x^2} + 2x + 1\\ = {x^2}\left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right) + \left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right)\\ = \left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)\\ = {\left( {x + 1} \right)^2}\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right) \end{array} |
Tạm thời phân tích như sau:
i) x4 - 2x3 + 2x - 1
= (x4 - 1) - (2x3 - 2x)
= (x2 + 1).(x2 -1) - 2x.(x2 - 1)
= (x2 - 1).(x2 - 2x + 1)
j) a6 - a4 + 2a3 + 2a2
= (a3 + a2).(a3 - a2) + 2.(a3 + a2)
= (a3 + a2).(a3 - a2 +2)
k) x4 - x3 + 2x2 + x + 1 (tạm thời giải thế này)
= x3.(x - 1) + (2x + 3 - \(\frac{4}{x-1}\)).(x -1)
= (x - 1).(x3 + 2x + 3 - \(\frac{4}{x-1}\))
Nếu đề là:
x4 + x3 + 2x2 + x + 1
= x4 + x2 + x3 + x + x2 + 1
= x2.(x2 + 1) + x.(x2 + 1) + x2 + 1
= (x2 + 1).(x2 + x + 1)
m) x2y + xy2 + x2z + y2z + 2xyz
= xy.(x + y) + z.(x2 + 2xy + y2)
= xy.(x + y) + z.(x + y).(x + y)
= (x + y).(xy + xz + yz)
n) x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1
= x4.(x + 1) + x2.(x + 1) + x + 1
= (x + 1).(x4 + x2 + 1)
\(x^4-2x^3+2x-1\)
\(=\left(x^4-1\right)-2x\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)-2x\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^3\left(x+1\right)\)