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x^2 - x - y^2 - y
= x^2 - y^2 - x - y
= ( x - y ) ( x + y ) - ( x + y )
= ( x + y ) ( x - y - 1 )
x^2 - 2xy + y^2 - z^2
= ( x- y ) ^2 - z^2
= ( x - y - z ) ( x - y + z )
a)\(\left(-a+\frac{2}{3}\right)\left(a+\frac{2}{3}\right)=\left(\frac{2}{3}-a\right)\left(\frac{2}{3}+a\right)=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^2-a^2=\frac{4}{9}-a^2\)
b)\(\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2-5x+25\right)=x^3+5^3=x^3+125\)
c)\(\left(1-x\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=1-x^3\)
d)\(\left(a^2-2a+3\right)\left(a^2+2a+3\right)=\left(a^2+3\right)^2-\left(2a\right)^2=\left(a^2+3\right)^2-4a^2\)
e)\(\left(x+3y\right)\left(9y^2-3xy+x^2\right)=x^3+\left(3y\right)^3=x^3+9y^3\)
f)\(2\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(2x-1\right)\left(4x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(2x\right)^3-1=8x^3-1\)
Trả lời:
Bài 1:
a, \(9x^2-4=\left(3x\right)^2-2^2=\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)\)
b, \(x^3+27=x^3+3^3=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)\)
c, \(8-y^3=2^3-y^3=\left(2-y\right)\left(4+2y+y^2\right)\)
d, \(x^4-81=\left(x^2\right)^2-9^2=\left(x^2-9\right)\left(x^2+9\right)\)\(=\left(x^2-3^2\right)\left(x^2+9\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+9\right)\)
e, \(64x^3-1=\left(4x\right)^3-1^3=\left(4x-1\right)\left(16x^2+4x+1\right)\)
f, \(x^6+8y^3=\left(x^2\right)^3+\left(2y\right)^3=\left(x^2+2y\right)\left(x^4-2x^2y+4y^2\right)\)
\(1.\left(x+4\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=16\Leftrightarrow x^2+8x+16-x^2+1=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{8}\)
\(2.\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(x+3\right)^2+2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1+x+3\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+2\right)^2=4\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+2=2\\2x+2=-2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-2\end{cases}}\)
3.\(\left(x-1\right)^2-x\left(x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)-x\right]=0\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(4.\left(3x-1\right)^2+\left(5x-2\right)^2-2\left(3x-1\right)\left(5x-2\right)=9\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1-5x+2\right)^2=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2=9\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x-1=3\\2x-1=-3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x=-1\end{cases}}\)
5.\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=5\Leftrightarrow x^3-1-\left(x^3-4x\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x=6\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
6.\(\left(x-1\right)^3-\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)+\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+3x-1-\left(x^3+27\right)+x^2-4=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x^2+3x-34=0\text{ vô nghiệm}\)
\(2x+3y+5z=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}+19\)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+38=4x+6y+10z\)
\(\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(z^2-10z+25\right)=0\)
\(\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+\left(z-5\right)^2=0\)
\(x-2=y-3=z-5=0\)
\(x=2,y=3,z=5\)
18, \(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x^2}{8}=0\Leftrightarrow4x+x^2=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4;x=0\)
19, \(4-x=2\left(x-4\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)-2\left(4-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)\left[1-2\left(4-x\right)\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)\left(-7+2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=4;x=\frac{7}{2}\)
20, \(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2x-4=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+3>0\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
21, \(x^4-16x^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=0;x=\pm4\)
22, \(\left(x-5\right)^3-x+5=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)^3-\left(x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left[\left(x-5\right)^2-1\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x-6\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=4;x=5;x=6\)
23, \(5\left(x-2\right)-x^2+4=0\Leftrightarrow5\left(x-2\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(5-x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2;x=3\)