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\(a) n_P = \dfrac{12,4}{31} = 0,4(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_P = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5} = 0,2.142 = 28,4(gam)\\ b) P_2O_5 + 3H_2O \to 2H_3PO_4\\ n_{H_3PO_4} = 2n_{P_2O_5} = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{dd} = 28,4 + 200 = 228,4(gam)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{H_3PO_4} = \dfrac{0,4.98}{228,4}.100\% = 17,16\%\)
\(n_K=\dfrac{39}{39}=1\left(mol\right)\\ 2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{KOH}=n_K=1\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddKOH}=\dfrac{1}{0,2}=5\left(M\right)\\ c,2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{3,45}{23}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
0,15 0,15 0,15 0,075
a. \(m_{H_2O}=0,15.18=2,7\left(g\right)\)
b. \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
0,075 0,075
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,075}{2}< \dfrac{0,05}{1}\)
=> Lượng \(H_2\) sinh ra không đủ để pứ với 1,6 g \(O_2\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,075.18=1,35\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{3,45}{23}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2
0,15---------------->0,15---->0,075
=> \(m_{\text{dd}NaOH}=\dfrac{0,15.40}{10\%}=60\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{\text{dd}NaOH}=m_{Na}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}\)
=> \(m=m_{H_2O}=60-3,45+0,075.2=56,7\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2H_2+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,075}{2}< \dfrac{0,05}{1}\Rightarrow O_2\) dư, H2 không đủ để đốt cháy hết
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{s\text{ản}.ph\text{ẩm}}=m_{H_2O}=0,075.18=1,35\left(g\right)\)
nNa = 6.9 : 23 = 0.3 mol
4Na + O2 ->2 Na2O
mol : 0.3 -> 0.15
Na2O + H2O -> 2NaOH
mol : 0.15 -> 0.3
mdd = 0.15 x 62 + 140.7 = 150g
C% NaOH = 0.3x40: 150 x 100% = 8%
TN1: Gọi CTHH của oxit là Y2On
\(n_Y=\dfrac{m}{M_Y}\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{Y_2O_n}=\dfrac{m}{2.M_Y}\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\dfrac{m}{2.M_Y}\left(2.M_Y+16n\right)=1,381m\)
=> \(M_Y=21n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét n = 1 => L
Xét n = 2 => L
Xét n = 3 => L
Xét n = \(\dfrac{8}{3}\) => MY = 56 (Fe)
TN2:
\(m_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{100.15,24}{100}=15,24\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{15,24}{127}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn Fe: nFe = 0,12 (mol)
=> m = mFe = 0,12.56 = 6,72 (g)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
=> nH2 = 0,12 (mol)
=> V = 0,12.22,4 = 2,688 (l)
nHCl = 0,24 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,24.36,5 = 8,76 (g)
mdd HCl = 100 + 0,12.2 - 6,72 = 93,52 (g)
\(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{93,52}.100\%=9,367\%\)
2Na+2H2o->2NaOH+H2
0,2------------------0,2----0,1
n NaOH=0,2 mol
=>m Na=0,2.23=4,6g
=>VH2=0,1.22,4=2,24l
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2
0,2 0,2 0,1
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,2.23=4,6\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{3,45}{23}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,96}{32}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,075}{2}>\dfrac{0,03}{1}\), ta được H2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O}=2n_{O_2}=0,06\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,06.18=1,08\left(g\right)\)