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a)
$Fe +H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$FeSO_4 + 2KOH \to Fe(OH)_2 + K_2SO_4$
$4Fe(OH)_2 + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3 + 4H_2O$
$n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{20}{160} = 0,125(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Fe} = 2n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,25(mol)$
$m_{Fe} = 0,25.56 = 14(gam)$
b)
$n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = 0,25(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)$
c)
$n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{Fe} = 0,25(mol)$
$V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,25}{1} = 0,25(lít) = 250(ml)$
\(PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ FeSO_4+2KOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+K_2SO_4\\4 Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
\(a.n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{20}{160}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{4}{2}.0,125=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe}=0,25.56=14\left(g\right)\\ b.V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ c.V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{1}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)
nCH4 = 11.2/22.4 = 0.5 (mol)
CH4 + 2O2 -to-> CO2 + 2H2O
0.5____________0.5
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + H2O
0.5_______________0.5
mCaCO3 = 0.5*100 = 50 (g)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4.6}{23}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)
\(3....................1\)
\(0.2.............0.1\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{3}< \dfrac{0.1}{1}\Rightarrow FeCl_3dư\)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0.2}{3}\cdot107=7.13\left(g\right)\)
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(n_{Na}=n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => FeCl3 dư, NaOH hết
\(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{15}.107=7,13\left(g\right)\)
Gọi $n_{Na} = a(mol)$
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
a...........................a..........0,5a.....(mol)
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
..a...........a............................................1,5a....(mol)
Suy ra : $0,5a + 1,5a = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15 \Rightarrow a = 0,075$
Vậy :
$m = 0,075.23 + 0,075.27 + 1,35 = 5,1(gam)$
Gọi nNa=a(mol)���=�(���)
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
a...........................a..........0,5a.....(mol)
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
..a...........a............................................1,5a....(mol)
Suy ra : 0,5a+1,5a=3,3622,4=0,15⇒a=0,0750,5�+1,5�=3,3622,4=0,15⇒�=0,075
Vậy :
m=0,075.23+0,075.27+1,35=5,1(gam)
a , \(nFe=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
, pthh:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
1mol 2mol 1mol 1mol
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)
1mol 2mol 1mol 2mol
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,4
b, \(mFe\left(OH\right)_2=0,2.90=18\left(gam\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2........0.6.........0.2.........0.3\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.6}{2}=0.3\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot133.5=26.7\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(1..............3\)
\(0.2............0.3\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{1}>\dfrac{0.3}{3}\Rightarrow Fedư\)
\(m_{Cr}=m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}+m_{Fe}=\left(0.2-0.1\right)\cdot160+0.2\cdot56=27.2\left(g\right)\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl $\to$ 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b)
n Al = 5,4/27 = 0,2(mol)
Theo PTHH : n HCl = 3n Al = 0,6(mol)
=> V = 0,6/2 = 0,3(lít)
n AlCl3 = n Al = 0,2(mol)
=> m = 0,2.133,5 = 26,7(gam)
c) n H2 = 1/2 n HCl = 0,3(mol)
n Fe2O3 = 32/160 = 0,2(mol)
$Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O$
Ta thấy : n Fe2O3 /1 = 0,2 > n H2 /3 = 0,1 => Fe2O3 dư
Theo PTHH : n H2O = n H2 = 0,3(mol)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
m Fe2O3 + m H2 = m chất rắn + m H2O
=> m chất rắn = 32 + 0,3.2 - 0,3.18 = 27,2 gam
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15 ( mol )
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5.100}{14,6}=75g\)
\(m_{ddspứ}=2,7+75-0,15.2=77,4g\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{77,4}.100=17,24\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{77,4}.100=0,38\%\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{12,72}{106}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Na_2CO_3+CaCl_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+2NaCl\)
Theo PT: nCaCO3 = nNa2CO3 = 0,12 (mol)
⇒ m = mCaCO3 = 0,12.100 = 12 (g)