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Biểu thức này không phân tích thành nhân tử được
Muốn phân tích được thành nhân tử thì cần có thêm số hạng \(c\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\)
a: Ta có: \(\left(a^2+b^2-5\right)^2-4\left(ab+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2-5-2ab-4\right)\left(a^2+b^2-5+2ab+4\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(a-b\right)^2-9\right]\cdot\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-1\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b-3\right)\left(a-b+3\right)\left(a+b-1\right)\left(a+b+1\right)\)
phân tích bằng đặt ẩn phụ=))
Ta có:\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left[\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
Đặt:\(a^2+b^2+c^2=x;ab+bc+ca=y\),ta có:
\(x\left(x+2y\right)+y^2=x^2+2xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Thay vào,ta được:\(\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
.\(a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2abc-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
=\(a\left(b^2-2bc+c^2-a^2\right)+b\left(a^2+2ac+c^2-b^2\right)+c\left(a^2-2ab+b^2-c^2\right)\)
=\(a\left[\left(b-c\right)^2-a^2\right]+b\left[\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2\right]+=c\left[\left(a-b^2\right)-c^2\right]\)
=\(a\left(c-b+a\right)\left(a+b-c\right)+b\left(a+c-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+c\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\)
=\(\left(a+c-b\right)\left[a\left(c-b+a\right)+b\left(a+b+c\right)+c\left(a-b-c\right)\right]\)
=\(\left(a+c-b\right)\left(b+a-c\right)\left(c+b-a\right)\)
\(a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2abc-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+\left[ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+bc^2-a^3-b^3-c^3\right]\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)+ab^2+a^2b-a^3-b^3\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(ab^2-b^3\right)\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(=-\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b-c\right)+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\left(-a+b+c\right)\)
Lời giải:
a.
$x^8+x^4+1=(x^4)^2+2x^4+1-x^4$
$=(x^4+1)^2-(x^2)^2=(x^4+1-x^2)(x^4+1+x^2)$
$=(x^4+1-x^2)[(x^2+1)^2-x^2]$
$=(x^4-x^2+1)(x^2+1-x)(x^2+1+x)$
b.
$x^{12}-3x^6-1=(x^6-\frac{3}{2})^2-\frac{13}{4}$
$=(x^6-\frac{3}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{13}}{2})(x^6-\frac{3}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{13}}{2})$
c.
$3x^4+10x^2-25=(3x^4+15x^2)-(5x^2+25)$
$=3x^2(x^2+5)-5(x^2+5)=(x^2+5)(3x^2-5)$
$=(x^2+5)(\sqrt{3}x-\sqrt{5})(\sqrt{3}x+\sqrt{5})$
c.
$x^2-5y^2-y^4+2xy-9$
$=(x^2+2xy+y^2)-(y^4+6y^2+9)$
$=(x+y)^2-(y^2+3)^2$
$=(x+y+y^2+3)(x+y-y^2-3)$
\(a,x^8+x^4+1\\ =\left(x^8+2x^4+1\right)-x^4\\ =\left(x^4+1\right)^2-x^4\\ =\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)\\ b,x^{12}-3x^6-1\\ =\left(x^{12}-2x^6+1\right)-x^6-2\\ =\left(x^6-1\right)^2-x^6-2\\ =\left(x^6-x^3-1\right)\left(x^6+x^3-1\right)-2???\\ c,3x^4+10x^2-25\\ =4x^4-\left(x^4-10x^2+25\right)\\ =4x^4-\left(x^2-5\right)^2\\ =\left(2x^2-x^2+5\right)\left(2x^2+x^2-5\right)\\ =\left(x^2+5\right)\left(3x^2-5\right)\\ d,x^2-5y^2-y^4+2xy-9\\ =\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-\left(y^4+6y^2+9\right)\\ =\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(y^2+3\right)^2\\ =\left(x+y+y^2+3\right)\left(x+y-y^2-3\right)\)