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1. Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a, 1/4x^2-5xy+25y^2
b, (7x-4)^2-(2x+1)^2
c, (x-2)^2-4y
d, 125-x^6
a) \(\frac{1}{4}x^2-5xy+25y^2=\left(\frac{1}{2}x\right)^2-5xy+\left(5y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{2}x-5y\right)^2\)
b) \(\left(7x-4\right)^2-\left(2x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(7x-4+2x+1\right)\times\left(7x-4-2x-1\right)=\left(9x-3\right)\times\left(5x-5\right)\)
\(=3\times5\times\left(3x-1\right)\times\left(x-1\right)=15\times\left(3x-1\right)\times\left(x-1\right)\)
c)\(\left(x-2\right)^2-4y^2=\left(x-2-2y\right)\left(x-2+2y\right)\)
d) \(125-x^6=5^3-\left(x^2\right)^3=\left(5-x^2\right)\left(25+5x^2+x^4\right)\)
\(a,=\left(2y^2-1\right)\left(2y^2+1\right)\\ b,=\left(x+y\right)^2-9=\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x+y-3\right)\)
Lời giải:
a. $4y^4-1=(2y^2)^2-1^2=(2y^2-1)(2y^2+1)$
b. $x^2+2xy-9+y^2=(x^2+2xy+y^2)-9$
$=(x+y)^2-3^2=(x+y-3)(x+y+3)$
a: =(6x)^2-(3x-2)^2
=(6x-3x+2)(6x+3x-2)
=(9x-2)(3x+2)
d: \(=\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\)
\(=4x\cdot\left[x^2+2x+1+x^2-2x+1\right]\)
=8x(x^2+1)
e: =(4x)^2-2*4x*3y+(3y)^2
=(4x-3y)^2
f: \(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x^4-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}x^2\cdot2y^3+4y^6\right)\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x^2-2y^3\right)^2\)
g: =(4x)^3+1^3
=(4x+1)(16x^2-4x+1)
k: =x^3(27x^3-8)
=x^3(3x-2)(9x^2+6x+4)
l: =(x^3-y^3)(x^3+y^3)
=(x-y)(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)(x^2+xy+y^2)
\(=x^2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+x+1\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[x^2\left(x+1\right)+1\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+1\right)\)
\(x^4+2x^3+x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+1\right)\)
c) \(-\frac{x^4}{4}+2x^2y^3-4y^6=-\left(\frac{x^4}{4}-2x^2y^3+4y^6\right)=-\left[\left(\frac{x^2}{2}\right)^2-2.\frac{x^2}{2}.2y^3+\left(2y^3\right)^2\right]=-\left(\frac{x^2}{2}-2y^3\right)\)