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a) x² - 9
= x² - 3²
= (x - 3)(x + 3)
b) 4x² - 1
= (2x)² - 1²
= (2x - 1)(2x + 1)
c) x⁴ - 16
= (x²)² - 4²
= (x² - 4)(x² + 4)
= (x² - 2²)(x² + 4)
= (x - 2)(x + 2)(x + 4)
d) x² - 4x + 4
= x² - 2.x.2 + 2²
= (x - 2)²
e) x³ - 8
= x³ - 2³
= (x - 2)(x² + 2x + 4)
f) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1
= x³ + 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² + 1³
= (x + 1)³
a: Ta có: \(x^2-4y^2-2x-4y\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
c: Ta có: \(x^3+2x^2y-x-2y\)
\(=x^2\left(x+2y\right)-\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
d: Ta có: \(3x^2-3y^2-2\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+3y-2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+5y\right)\)
e: Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2-9x+36\)
\(=x^2\left(x-4\right)-9\left(x-4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
f: Ta có: \(x^2-y^2-2x-2y\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-2\right)\)
a) (x - y)(x + y + 3). b) (x + y - 2xy)(2 + y + 2xy).
c) x 2 (x + l)( x 3 - x 2 + 2). d) (x – 1 - y)[ ( x - 1 ) 2 + ( x - 1 ) y + y 2 ].
a.
$x^2-y^2-2x+2y=(x^2-y^2)-(2x-2y)=(x-y)(x+y)-2(x-y)=(x-y)(x+y-2)$
b.
$x^2(x-1)+16(1-x)=x^2(x-1)-16(x-1)=(x-1)(x^2-16)=(x-1)(x-4)(x+4)$
c.
$x^2+4x-y^2+4=(x^2+4x+4)-y^2=(x+2)^2-y^2=(x+2-y)(x+2+y)$
d.
$x^3-3x^2-3x+1=(x^3+1)-(3x^2+3x)=(x+1)(x^2-x+1)-3x(x+1)$
$=(x+1)(x^2-4x+1)$
e.
$x^4+4y^4=(x^2)^2+(2y^2)^2+2.x^2.2y^2-4x^2y^2$
$=(x^2+2y^2)^2-(2xy)^2=(x^2+2y^2-2xy)(x^2+2y^2+2xy)$
f.
$x^4-13x^2+36=(x^4-4x^2)-(9x^2-36)$
$=x^2(x^2-4)-9(x^2-4)=(x^2-9)(x^2-4)=(x-3)(x+3)(x-2)(x+2)$
g.
$(x^2+x)^2+4x^2+4x-12=(x^2+x)^2+4(x^2+x)-12$
$=(x^2+x)^2-2(x^2+x)+6(x^2+x)-12$
$=(x^2+x)(x^2+x-2)+6(x^2+x-2)=(x^2+x-2)(x^2+x+6)$
$=[x(x-1)+2(x-1)](x^2+x+6)=(x-1)(x+2)(x^2+x+6)$
h.
$x^6+2x^5+x^4-2x^3-2x^2+1$
$=(x^6+2x^5+x^4)-(2x^3+2x^2)+1$
$=(x^3+x^2)^2-2(x^3+x^2)+1=(x^3+x^2-1)^2$
\(g,x^4-16=\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2+4\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)\\ i,-x^2+10x-25=-\left(x-5\right)^2\\ k,x^3+3x^2+3x+1-27z^3\\ =\left(x+1\right)^3-27z^3\\ =\left(x+1-3z\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+3z\left(x+1\right)+9z^2\right]\\ =\left(x-3z+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+3xz+3z+9z^2\right)\\ m,\left(x+y\right)^2-25\left(x+y\right)+24=\left(x+y-5\right)^2-1=\left(x+y-4\right)\left(x+y-6\right)\)
g. x4 - 16
<=> x4 - 42
<=> (x2)2 - 42
<=> (x2 - 4)(x2 + 4)
i. -x2 + 10x - 25
<=> -(x2 - 10x + 25)
<=> -(x2 -10x + 52)
<=> -(x - 5)2
\(a,10x^2y-20xy^2=10xy\left(x-2y\right)\\ b,x^2-y^2+10y-25=x^2-\left(y^2-10y+25\right)=x^2-\left(y-5\right)^2=\left(x-y+5\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\\ c,x^2-y^2+3x-3y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\\ d,x^3+3x^2-16x-48=\left(x^3+3x^2\right)-\left(16x+48\right)=x^2\left(x+3\right)-16\left(x+3\right)=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-16\right)=\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
\(e,9x^3+6x^2+x=x\left(9x^2+6x+1\right)=x\left(3x+1\right)^2\\ f,x^4+5x^3+15x-9=\left(x^4+5x^3-3x^2\right)+\left(3x^2+15x-9\right)=x^2\left(x^2+5x-3\right)+3\left(x^2+5x-3\right)=\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2+5x-3\right)\)