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Xí trước phần b
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2bc^2}+\frac{c^2a^2}{ab^2c^2+a^2b^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a^2bc^2+ab^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách làm khác của phần b ngắn gọn hơn:)
Ta có; \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
Xét\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2 số không âm: \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ba}}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)
Chứng minh tương tự
=> \(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge2\)
\(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2\)
=> \(3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge3+2+2+2\)
=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)(Đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{a}\\\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{a}\\\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{b}\end{cases}}\)<=> a = b = c
Dài thế. Áp dụng cosi swat là được mà
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
Tự nhiên lục được cái này :'(
3. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{b+c-a+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có điều phải chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Ta chứng minh BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\), dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\), Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\);\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
Nhân 2 vế của BĐT ta được:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\).Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}=9\) (a,b,c có tổng bằng 1)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}a+b+c=1\\a=b=c\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{1}{b}=y\\\frac{1}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) suy ra \(xyz=1\). Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge x\\\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge y\\\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\end{matrix}\right.\).Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(P+\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\)
Tương tự cộng lại...
1. đặt b + c - a = x, a + c - b = y , a + b - c = z thì x,y,z > 0
theo bất đẳng thức ( x + y ) ( y + z ) ( x + z ) \(\ge\)8xyz ( tự chứng minh ) , ta có :
2a . 2b . 2c \(\ge\)8 ( b + c - a ) ( a + c - b ) ( a + b - c )
\(\Rightarrow\)abc \(\ge\)( b + c - a ) ( a + c - b ) ( a + b - c )
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = c
Ta có a + b > c, b + c > a, a + c > b
Xét \(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}>\frac{1}{a+c+b}+\frac{1}{b+c+a}=\frac{2}{a+b+c}>\frac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\frac{1}{a+b}\)
tương tự : \(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}>\frac{1}{b+c},\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}>\frac{1}{a+c}\)
vậy ...
Bài 1 :
a) Ta có : \(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) , \(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\) , \(c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\) hay \(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge8abc\)
Xét hiệu \(S_1-S_2=\frac{a^2-b^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2-c^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2-a^2}{c+a}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}\)
\(=a-b+b-c+c-a\)
\(=0\)
\(\Rightarrow S_1=S_2\)
+) Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}=a\)
\(\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}=b\)
\(\frac{c^2}{c+a}+\frac{c+a}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{c+a}.\frac{c+a}{4}}=c\)
Cộng theo vế các đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(S_1+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow S_1\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{A+B-C}+\dfrac{1}{B+C-A}\ge\dfrac{4}{A+B-C+B+C-A}=\dfrac{4}{2B}=\dfrac{2}{B}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{B+C-A}+\dfrac{1}{C+A-B}\ge\dfrac{4}{B+C-A+C+A-B}=\dfrac{4}{2C}=\dfrac{2}{C}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{C+A-B}+\dfrac{1}{A+B-C}\ge\dfrac{4}{C+A-B+A+B-C}=\dfrac{4}{2A}=\dfrac{2}{A}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(2VT\ge\dfrac{2}{A}+\dfrac{2}{B}+\dfrac{2}{C}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{A}+\dfrac{1}{B}+\dfrac{1}{C}\right)=2VP\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Mình nghĩ là nó áp dụng vào bđt côsi