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The people whose houses are to be demolished when the new road is built will be (HOUSE) housely outside the city.
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PAPER RECYCLING
A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.
i. Process of paper recycling
ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment
iii. Collection of paper for recycling
iv. Sources of paper for recycling
v. Bad sides of paper recycling
vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper
Your answer:
1. Paragraph A ...........iii. Collection of paper for recycling............
2. Paragraph B ..........vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper.............
3. Paragraph C ...........iv. Sources of paper for recycling............
4. Paragraph D ............i. Process of paper recycling...........
5. Paragraph E ...........v. Bad sides of paper recycling............
46. The word “fit” is closest in meaning to __________.
A. athletic
B. adaptable
C. suitable
D. tasty
47. The word “prone” is closest in meaning to __________.
A. supine
B. unlikely
C. healthy
D. predisposed
48. The word “these” refers to_____________.
A. researchers
B. nitrates and nitrites
C. meats
D. colors
49. What are nitrates used for?
A. They preserve flavor in packaged foods
B. They cause the animals to become fatter
C. They are the objects of research
D. They preserve the colour of meat
50. All of the following statements are TRUE EXCEPT __________.
A. Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for more than forty-five years.
B. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons
C. Food may cause forty percent of the cancer in the world.
D. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.
I. Complete each blank with a right word.
1. A: What is your date of........birth........ .
B: I was born on the first of August 1996.
2. Martin practises swimming every day to become an Olympic.......athlete...........
3. We should travel to work by bus instead of driving there to......save......money.
4. She hasn't got a job yet. She lives mainly.....on..... . the money her parents send to her every month. .
5. You are fat. You should do more exercise to lose.........weight..........
II. Give the correct form of the word in brackets
6. The (found) -------founded--------of the Institute of Radium in 1914 made her humanitarian wish come true.
7. After the tragic (die)----------had died------------ of Pierre Curie, she became the first woman in France to be a university professor.
8. Elizaberth Blackwell was an (ambition) --------ambitious---------girl. She was determined to be a doctor at any cost.
9. They were late. The plane (take) ---------had taken-------off 15 minutes before.
10. If Helen is concerned about her (appear)------------appearance---------------, she will look pretty.
I. Complete each blank with a right word.
1. A: What is your date of.....birth........... .
B: I was born on the first of August 1996.
2. Martin practises swimming every day to become an Olympic...athlete..............
3. We should travel to work by bus instead of driving there to........save....money.
4. She hasn't got a job yet. She lives mainly.....on..... . the money her parents send to her every month. .
5. You are fat. You should do more exercise to lose......weight.............
II. Give the correct form of the word in brackets
6. The (found) ------foundation---------of the Institute of Radium in 1914 made her humanitarian wish come true.
7. After the tragic (die)----------dead------------ of Pierre Curie, she became the first woman in France to be a university professor.
8. Elizaberth Blackwell was an (ambition) -------ambitious----------girl. She was determined to be a doctor at any cost.
9. They were late. The plane (take) -----had taken-----------off 15 minutes before.
10. If Helen is concerned about her (appear)---------appearence------------------, she will look pretty.
Give the correct form of the words in brackets:
1. He finds that game ________ (INTERESTING)
2. It is very _________ to sit in the room and listen to your story. ( BORING)
3. He think that rains make him ______ all the time. (DEPRESSED)
4. I enjoyed the football match. It was quite _________ ( EXCITING)
Give the correct form of the words in the brackets.
1. He fell off the bike, but his injuries were not serious. (injure)
2. She gave me a demonstration of the new house. (demonstrate)
3. The shop assistant showed me a lot of new models. (assist)
4. You must read the following safety precautions carefully. (safe)
5. You shouldn’t talk about her character only through her appearance (appear)
6. We are waiting for the arrival of our uncle’s train. (arrive)
7. The increase in population has led to overcrowding in many cities. (crowd)
8. We had a terrible trip because the weather was unpleasant (please)
9. If you want to get more information, please contact Mr. Phong. (inform)
10. It’s a good restaurant; the food there is very tasty (taste)
EX1 :Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space. For each question 1 -10, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Robots can work in places humans can't easily get to. These include deep oceans on distant planets or on sites with bad pollution. Robots are also used in factories (1) ________ they can work more quickly and accurately than a human, and without needing to rest. Improvements in technology over the past 50 years have (2) _______ that scientists are now able to create very clever robots. The most complicated of these can make (3) _______ for themselves, learn new things, and deal with problems. However, while robots that look like people are very common in science fiction films, they are very (4) _______ in real life. Making a machine that can balance and move on two legs is a real challenge and is unnecessary for most of the jobs we need robots to do for us. However, a Japanese robot (5)_____ as Asimo does walk on two legs and can even climb up and down stairs.
1. A. unless B. because C. although D. despite
2. A. intended B. supposed C. said D. meant
3. A. results B. decisions C. thoughts D. options
4. A. rare B. thin C. little D. narrow
5.A. called B. known C. named D. said
EX2: Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSET in meaning to the underline word(s) in each of the following question.
Her father died after he had brought up all of his children.
A. was in the dust
B. was out of this world
C. was the apple of her eyes
D. called it a day
Give the correct form of the words in the brackets:
1. Households are encouraged to use electricity .sparingness . . in period of shortages (sparing)
2. Farmers should cut down on amount of . .fertilisers . used in farming (fetile)
3. Thanks to the opening of new road to the village our . farming. . products can be transfered to the city easily (farm)