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Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.
B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.
C These messages could be sent very quickly.
D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.
E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.
F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.
War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.
Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.
The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 (A )
Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( C). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.
Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 (F ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.
Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 ( B) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.
One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing at the edge of one of tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the words "More!"
The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.
"Oh, yes. That´s one of the words he knows," the director said, showing no surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a "language", in the real sense of the word? Scientist don´t agree on this.
1/ The dolphin leapt into the air because
A. Sagan was too near the water
B. it was part of the game they were playing.
C. he wanted Sagan to scratch him again
D. Sagan wanted to communicate with him
2/ "Dolphins" brains are particularly well developed to
A. help them to travle fast in water
B. arrange sounds in different structures
C. respond to different kinds of sound
D. communicate with humans through sound
B. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the space.
1. The first inhabitants of Iceland were a group of _Norwegian_ families who settled on the island in AD 874. NORWAY
2. There was disagreement about whether the country needs to maintain a _deterence_. DETER
3. Hundreds of _ evacuees_ from the war zone have arrived in the city and we are trying to find homes for them. EVACUATE
4. _Bedridden patients are often given exercises to help prevent their muscles from becoming stiff. BED
5. It was this passion for fast cars that led to his _untimely_ death at the age of 33. TIME
6. Every effort is made to _rectify_ any errors before the book is printed. RIGHT
7. In a recent opinion poll, a majority of _respondents__ were against nuclear weapons. RESPONSE
8. Her mouth is _seductively__ lipsticked and her eyes are wide open with anticipation. SEDUCE
9. The script has a refreshing _spontaneity_ and sparkle. SPONTANEOUS
10. It’s better to be an _omnivore_ and eat a variety of plant and animals in case there is a shortage of one particular kind of food.
I. Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D for each sentence.
1. In some European countries, a barber used __________ teeth as well as cut hair.
A. pull B. pulled C. pulling D. to pull
2. King Duc Duc __________ the country for only three days before he was overthrown.
A. had ruled B. has ruled C. have ruled D. will rule
3. I suggest __________ these valuable things in high-security places.
A. put B. puts C. putting D. to put
4. They wondered how __________ this support service.
A. use B. used C. using D. to use
5. It’s a tradition in Viet Nam that the juniors have to __________ the seniors.
A. obey B. disobey C. obedient D. disobedient
6. The living standards in the countryside have __________improved in the last ten years.
A. considerable B. considerably C. considerate D. consider
7. The two countries agreed to __________ fill diplomatic relations.
A. set in B. set out C. set up D. set off
8. I don’t think Fred __________ Daniel. They always argue.
A. gets out with B. gets over with C. gets through with D.gets on with
9. I couldn’t sleep last night __________ the bar nearby played music too loudly.
A. because B. although C. so that D. while
10. Sometimes I wish my parents could put themselves __________ my shoes.
A. at B. in C. on D. out
11. A: It is said that marriages used to be arranged by parents.
B: __________
A. Wow, I can’t imagine that. B. I wish I could go back to that time. C. How cool! D. Sure.
12. In order to learn how to prepare food, do laundry and chores at home, students need to have __________ skills.
A. housekeeping B. emotion control C. cognitive D. social
13. A __________ is a castle on high ground in or near a city where people could go when the city was being attacked.
citadel / cathedral / monument / centre
14. Which underlined word in this question is unstressed? “What are you looking for?”
(những từ in đậm là từ không được nhấn)
A B C D
II. Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D for each gap in the passage.
I was a postman in a remote area of Myanmar. Once (1)______ month I went downtown to collect the post and then walked from village to village, (2)______ were far away from each other. In each village, I delivered (3)______ collected the post. I also used (4)______ and write letters for the villagers. Most of them were illiterate. I also passed (5)______ the news I (6)______ from the town and the other villages. The people treated me well. It was a hard job but I loved it.
U Sein Tun from Myanmar
1. A. a B. an C. the D. each
2. A. who B. where C. that D. which
3. A. and B. but C. so D. because
4. A. read B. to read C. to reading D. reading
5. A. on B. down C. up D. in
6. A. hear B. have heard C. had heard D. will hear
III. Read the following text and choose the best answer.
Chu Van An High School is one of the oldest and most prestigious state schools in Viet Nam. Established in 1908 by the French, the school was located beside the West Lake, and was originally named after the location it was in. It is a very pleasant, spacious school with great views of the lake from the classroom windows.
In 1943, the school was moved to Ninh Binh, and was not moved back to Ha Noi until 1945. In that year, the school was renamed Chu Van An, after a famous Vietnamese Confucianism teacher of the Tran Dynasty. Professor Nguyen GiaTuong became the first Vietnamese principal of the school. Many famous people like ex-Prime Minister Pham Van Dong, Doctor Ton That Tung, and poet Xuan Dieu used to be the school's students.
Today the school is still located in the same area, and has maintained its prestige, as well as its reputation as one of the top schools in Ha Noi. It is very difficult to be admitted to the school. Every year, there are around three thousand applicants but only about five hundred are admitted. Those applicants have to take an entrance examination conducted by the Department of Education and Training of Ha Noi.
1. The passage mainly discusses________.
A. Chu Van An, the teacher B. Chu Van An School in the future
C. Chu Van An School over time D. the difficulty of being admitted to Chu Van An School
2. Chu Van An High School was founded in ________.
A. the early 19th century B. the late 19th century
C. the early 20th century D. the late 20th century
3. All of the following are true about the school EXCEPT________.
A. the school was originally named after the location it is in
B. the school admits three thousand students every year
C. the school has a view of the West Lake
D. the school is large
4. It can be understood from the passage that________.
A. students of the school are very smart
B. the school fees are very high
C. only children from prestigious families can enter the school
D. the teachers at the school earn a lot of money
IV. Finish the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the words in capitals.
1. My friend Veronica is now participating in an international summer camp in Brazil. I’d love to be with her. (WERE)
- I wish. . . . . . . . . . . I were to participate with Veronica. . . . . . . . . . in an international summer camp in Brazil.
2. It was confident of her to say that she would win the first prize.
- She was . . . . . . . . .. . . . . so confident as to say that she would win the first prize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. “Have you seen her recently?” asked Thanh.
- Thanh asked me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if I had seen her recently. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
4. Mai spent her childhood in a small town in the south. (UP)
- Mai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .grew up in a small town in the south . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. Make meaningful sentences using the words or phrases given.
1. It / kind / her / lend / me / her book.
- It was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kind of her to lend me her book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. That skyscraper / be / one of / tall buildings / the world.
- That skyscraper is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one of the tallest buildings in the world. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Although / she / be tired / last night / she / finish / knit the scarf for her dad.
- Although she was. . . . . tired last night, she finished knitting the scarf for her dad. . . . . . . . .
4. It / known / that / Ha Long Bay / be recognised as a World Heritage Site / UNESCO / 1994.
- It is known that Ha Long Bay was recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994.
Polyester is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories’ producing “Melinar” , the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies : like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in grant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming.The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’s commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
1.Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles
A. since 1982.
B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles.
C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them.
D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them.
2. Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?
A. The other things they make are not selling well.
B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.
C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.
D. The price of oil keeps changing.
3. Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester? (Câu này mk hk chắc)
A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.
B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.
C. The public like traditional glass bottles.
D. Shop keepers dislike re-usable bottles.
4. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they
A. are cheaper.
B. are more suited to small sizes.
C. are more exciting to look at.
D. do not break easily.
5. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans
A. have been used for many years.
B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies.
C. are possible, but only for hot food.
D. are the first things being made in the new factories.
II. Choose from sentences A-G the one which fits each gap 1-5. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. (1,0 p)
Every body has heard about the Internet, but do you know what an “internet” is? (0)___B____
In fact, intranets make use of the same software programs as the internet to connect computers and people. (1)_____F_____.
If your intranet is working properly, it can link together huge amounts of information which is stored in different places in the company. _____C_______.
A company intranet can, of course, be used for unimportant information like office memos and canteen menus. (3)______E_____.
The intranet is a great idea, but the systemonly works if everyone on the intranet is willing to share their information with other people. (4))______A_____.
Another problem which often occurs is that top managers like to use the intranet to “communicate down” rather than to “communicate across”. (5)_____G_____.
- Unfortunately, many departments don’t want to share specialist knowlegde with others.
- It is a computer network that is private to a company, university, etc, but it is connected to and uses the same software as the Internet.
- In this way, people can get the information they need, regardless of where it comes from.
- Most employers prefer to communicate by telephone or in writing.
- But an intranet should provide important information which people need to make decisions about new products, costing and so on.
- This means that you do not have to buy a lot of additional programs to set up an intranet service.
- That is, they use the intranet to give orders, not to exchange information between themselves and others working in the same organization.
Read the text on the tight about the invention of semaphore. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (l-4).There is one extra sentence which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Using ropes, these could be moved to form 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily.
B The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days.
C These messages could be sent very quickly.
D The new republic faced enemies on all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain.
E In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon's victory at Le Quenoy.
F A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed.
War has been called 'the mother of invention', and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. 1 | D | What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication.
Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude's system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of high-speed communication.
The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 10 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Claude called this system 'semaphore', which comes from the Greek meaning 'bearing a sign'. 2 (A )
Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 2.40 km. 3 ( C). At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback.
Once the value of Chappe's system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. 4 (F ). By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800km.
Unfortunately, Chappe's system had some disadvantages. 5 (B ) The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805.