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a/
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-12x+9=\left(3x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-5=0\Rightarrow x=\pm1\)
b/
\(\Leftrightarrow25x^2-10x+1=\left(x+6\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24x^2-22x-35=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{7}{4}\\x=-\frac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2-8x+1=\left(x-3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow15x^2-2x-8=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{4}{5}\\x=-\frac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d/ \(x\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5x+1\right)^2=\left(2x-3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow21x^2+22x-8=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{2}{7}\\x=-\frac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
e/
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-4=x-2\\3x-4=2-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=2\\4x=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
f/
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x^2-2x=6-x^2\\3x^2-2x=x^2-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x^2-2x-6=0\\2x^2-2x+6=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
g/
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x=2x^2-x-2\\x^2-2x=-2x^2+x+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x-2=0\\3x^2-3x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\\x=\frac{3\pm\sqrt{33}}{6}\\\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
1.
PT $\Leftrightarrow (x^2+5x)^2+2(x^2+5x)-24=0$
$\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-24=0$ (đặt $x^2+5x=t$)
$\Leftrightarrow (t-4)(t+6)=0$
$\Rightarrow t-4=0$ hoặc $t+6=0$
Nếu $t-4=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x-4=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-5\pm \sqrt{41}}{2}$
Nếu $t+6=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+6=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+2)(x+3)=0\Rightarrow x=-2$ hoặc $x=-3$
2.
PT $\Leftrightarrow (x^2-4x+1)^2+2(x^2-4x+1)-3=0$
$\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-3=0$ (đặt $x^2-4x+1=t$)
$\Leftrightarrow (t-1)(t+3)=0$
$\Rightarrow t-1=0$ hoặc $t+3=0$
Nếu $t-1=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x=0\Leftrightarrow x(x-4)=0$
$\Rightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=4$
Nếu $t+3=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge4\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+4}+\sqrt{x-4}=a>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=2x+2\sqrt{x^2-16}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(a=a^2-12\Leftrightarrow a^2-a-12=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\a=-3\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+4}+\sqrt{x-4}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2\sqrt{x^2-16}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-16}=8-x\left(x\le8\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-16=x^2-16x+64\)
\(\Rightarrow x=5\)
b/ \(x\ge-\frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+1}=a\\\sqrt{4x^2-2x+1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(a+3b=3+ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-a-\left(3b-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b-1\right)-3\left(b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3\right)\left(b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+1}=3\\\sqrt{4x^2-2x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=9\\4x^2-2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=0\\x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
a/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2-4xy-5=0\\4xy\left(x+2y\right)+5\left(x+2y\right)-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2-\left(4xy+5\right)=0\\\left(4xy+5\right)\left(x+2y\right)-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=a\\4xy+5=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-b=0\\ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2-\frac{1}{a}=0\Rightarrow a^3-1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=1\\4xy+5=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1-2y\\4y\left(1-2y\right)+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1-2y\\-8y^2+4y+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\Rightarrow x=-1\\y=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/Cộng vế với vế:
\(17x^2-2\left(4y^2+1\right)x+y^4+1=0\)
\(\Delta'=\left(4y^2+1\right)^2-17\left(y^4+1\right)=-y^4+8y^2-16\)
\(\Delta'=-\left(y^2-4\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow y^2-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(y=2\) \(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+1=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(\)- Với \(y=-2\Rightarrow x^2-2x-7=0\Rightarrow x=1\pm2\sqrt{2}\)
Casio:
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x-2\right)\left(x^2-2x-2\right)=0\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x^2+3x+3\right)^2+6\left(x+\frac{2}{3}\right)^2+\frac{28}{3}=0\)
Vế trái luôn dương nên pt vô nghiệm
c/ Câu này đề sai, pt này ko thể tách ra được nên chắc chắn là ko giải được
d/ Câu này chắc đề cũng ko đúng: đặt \(2x-4=a\Rightarrow2x=a+4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+5\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\left(a+10\right)=100\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a^3+18a^2+97a+180\right)=0\)
Dù pt có nghiệm \(a=0\) nhưng pt bậc 3 đằng sau lại ko thể giải
e/ Câu này giống câu trên
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(16x^3+16x^2-93x+12\right)=0\)
Pt bậc 3 phía sau ko giải được
ĐKXĐ: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le-1\\1\le x\le2\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(1\le x\le2\Rightarrow2x^2-8x+2< 0\) pt vô nghiệm
- Với \(x\le-1\) pt tương đương:
\(3\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=2x^2-8x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(x^2-x-2\right)}=2x^2-8x+2\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x-2}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{1-x}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2-8x+2=2a^2+6b^2\)
Pt trở thành:
\(3ab=2a^2+6b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-3ab+6b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a-\frac{3}{4}b\right)^2+\frac{39}{8}b^2=0\)
Pt vô nghiệm
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le5\)
\(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{5-x}+\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(5-x\right)}-4=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{5-x}=a>0\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(5-x\right)}=\frac{a^2-7}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+\frac{a^2-7}{2}-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-15=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(5-x\right)}=\frac{a^2-7}{2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+3x+10=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x-9=0\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{4-x}+2\left(5+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}\right)=17\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{4-x}=a\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}=\frac{5-a^2}{2}\)
\(a+2\left(5+5-a^2\right)=17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2a^2+a+3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\a=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{4-x}=-1\\\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{4-x}=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}+1=\sqrt{4-x}\\2\sqrt{x+1}=2\sqrt{4-x}+3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2+2\sqrt{x+1}=4-x\\4x+4=25-4x+12\sqrt{4-x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=1-x\left(x\le1\right)\\12\sqrt{4-x}=8x-21\left(x\ge\frac{21}{8}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=\left(1-x\right)^2\\144\left(4-x\right)=\left(8x-21\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: \(0\le x\le1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{1-x}=a>0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-x^2}=\frac{a^2-1}{2}\)
\(a^2-1=3\left(a-1\right)\Leftrightarrow a^2-3a+2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-x^2}=\frac{a^2-1}{2}=0\\\sqrt{x-x^2}=\frac{a^2-1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-x^2=0\\x-x^2=\frac{9}{4}\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{5+2x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{5-2x}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(3a-1\right)\left(3b-1\right)=16\\a^2+b^2=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3ab-\left(a+b\right)=5\\\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=10\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=3ab-5\\\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3ab-5\right)^2-2ab=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(ab\right)^2-32ab+15=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}ab=3\\ab=\frac{5}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(ab\right)^2=9\\\left(ab\right)^2=\frac{25}{81}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}25-4x^2=9\\25-4x^2=\frac{25}{81}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=4\\x^2=\frac{500}{81}\end{matrix}\right.\)