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e/ ĐKXĐ: \(-1\le x\le4\)
Tưởng nó giống câu c mà ko phải
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}+\sqrt{\left(4-x\right)\left(x+1\right)}=5\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}=a>0\Rightarrow a^2=5+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}=\frac{a^2-5}{2}\) pt trở thành:
\(a+\frac{a^2-5}{2}=5\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-15=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5+2\sqrt{-x^2+3x+4}=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{-x^2+3x+4}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+3x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ĐKXĐ: \(0\le x\le4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-7\right)\sqrt{x\left(4-x\right)}+4-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-x}\left[\left(3x-7\right)\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{4-x}\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\\sqrt{4-x}=\left(7-3x\right)\sqrt{x}\left(x\le\frac{7}{3}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-x=x\left(7-3x\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-x=x\left(9x^2-42x+49\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^3-42x^2+50x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(9x^2-24x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\frac{4+\sqrt{14}}{3}>\frac{7}{3}\left(l\right)\\x=\frac{4-\sqrt{14}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(1+\sqrt{x^2-4x+3}-x=0\)
\(ĐK:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x+3\ge0}\\x-1\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PT\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-4x+3}-\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-4x+3-\left(x-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x^2-4x+3}+\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2-2x=0\Rightarrow x=1\left(tm\right)\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=a\ge0\Rightarrow x^2-2x=a^2+3\)
\(a^2+3+3a=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x-3=1\Rightarrow x^2-2x-4=0\Rightarrow x=...\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+6-\sqrt{x^2-4x+12}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+12-\sqrt{x^2-4x+12}-6=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+12}=a>0\)
\(a^2-a-6=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-4x+12}=3\Rightarrow x^2-4x+3=0\Rightarrow...\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11+\sqrt{x^2+11}-42=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+11}=a\)
\(a^2+a-42=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\a=-7\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+11}=6\Rightarrow x^2+11=36\Rightarrow...\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-1+\sqrt{2x^2+4x+1}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x^2+4x+1}=a\ge0\Rightarrow2x^2+4x=a^2-1\Rightarrow x^2+2x=\frac{a^2-1}{2}\)
\(\frac{a^2-1}{2}-1+a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-3\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+4x+1}=1\Rightarrow2x^2+4x=0\Rightarrow...\)
e/
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+4-5\sqrt{x^2+5x+28}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+5x+28}=a>0\Rightarrow x^2+5x=a^2-28\)
\(a^2-28+4-5a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-5a-24=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=8\\a=-3\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+5x+28}=8\Rightarrow x^2+5x-36=0\Rightarrow...\)
P/s: tất cả các nghiệm sau khi giải ra x chắc chắn đều thỏa mãn
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge4\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+4}+\sqrt{x-4}=a>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=2x+2\sqrt{x^2-16}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(a=a^2-12\Leftrightarrow a^2-a-12=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\a=-3\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+4}+\sqrt{x-4}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2\sqrt{x^2-16}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-16}=8-x\left(x\le8\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-16=x^2-16x+64\)
\(\Rightarrow x=5\)
b/ \(x\ge-\frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+1}=a\\\sqrt{4x^2-2x+1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(a+3b=3+ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-a-\left(3b-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b-1\right)-3\left(b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3\right)\left(b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+1}=3\\\sqrt{4x^2-2x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=9\\4x^2-2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=0\\x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
a/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2-4xy-5=0\\4xy\left(x+2y\right)+5\left(x+2y\right)-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2-\left(4xy+5\right)=0\\\left(4xy+5\right)\left(x+2y\right)-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=a\\4xy+5=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-b=0\\ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2-\frac{1}{a}=0\Rightarrow a^3-1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=1\\4xy+5=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1-2y\\4y\left(1-2y\right)+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1-2y\\-8y^2+4y+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\Rightarrow x=-1\\y=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/Cộng vế với vế:
\(17x^2-2\left(4y^2+1\right)x+y^4+1=0\)
\(\Delta'=\left(4y^2+1\right)^2-17\left(y^4+1\right)=-y^4+8y^2-16\)
\(\Delta'=-\left(y^2-4\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow y^2-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(y=2\) \(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+1=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(\)- Với \(y=-2\Rightarrow x^2-2x-7=0\Rightarrow x=1\pm2\sqrt{2}\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(-\frac{3}{2}\le x\le4\)
\(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{4-x}=6x-3\left(x+7-2\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)\left(4-x\right)}\right)-10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{4-x}=3\left(x+7+2\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)\left(4-x\right)}\right)-52\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{4-x}=a>0\Rightarrow a^2=x+7+2\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)\left(4-x\right)}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(a=3a^2-52\Leftrightarrow3a^2-a-52=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-4\left(l\right)\\a=\frac{13}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{4-x}=\frac{13}{3}\)
Phương trình này vô nghiệm nên ko muốn giải tiếp, bạn bình phương lên và chuyển vế thôi :(
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(-\frac{1}{4}\le x\le1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{4x+1}+2\sqrt{1-x}=a>0\Rightarrow a^2=5+4\sqrt{-4x^2+3x+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{-4x^2+3x+1}=\frac{a^2-5}{4}\)
Pt trở thành:
\(a+10\left(\frac{a^2-5}{4}\right)=13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5a^2+2a-51=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-\frac{17}{5}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{-4x^2+3x+1}=\frac{a^2-5}{4}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x^2+3x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\frac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2+2\right)=12-x\sqrt{2x^2+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(2x^2+4\right)=24-2x\sqrt{2x^2+4}\)
Đặt \(x\sqrt{2x^2+4}=a\) ta được:
\(a^2=24-2a\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-24=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\a=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\sqrt{2x^2+4}=4\left(x>0\right)\\x\sqrt{2x^2+4}=-6\left(x< 0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2\left(2x^2+4\right)=16\\x^2\left(2x^2+4\right)=36\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^4+2x^2-8=0\\x^4+2x^2-18=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=2\\x^2=-4\left(l\right)\\x^2=\sqrt{19}-1\\x^2=-\sqrt{19}-1\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2}\\x=-\sqrt{2}< 0\left(l\right)\\x=-\sqrt{\sqrt{19}-1}\\x=\sqrt{\sqrt{19}-1}>0\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+x+3}-\sqrt{x^2+2}+\sqrt{x^2+x+8}-\sqrt{x^2+7}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+3}+\sqrt{x^2+2}}+\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+8}+\sqrt{x^2+7}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+3}+\sqrt{x^2+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+8}+\sqrt{x^2+7}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\) (ngoặc to phía sau luôn dương)
\(\Rightarrow x=-1\)
b/
\(\sqrt{7-x^2+x\sqrt{x+5}}=\sqrt{3-2x-x^2}\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow7-x^2+x\sqrt{x+5}=3-2x-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{x+5}=-2x-4\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(x+5\right)=4x^2+16x+16\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+x^2-16\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do các phép biến đổi ko tương đương nên cần thay nghiệm vào (1) để kiểm tra
c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{10x+1}-\sqrt{9x+4}+\sqrt{3x-5}-\sqrt{2x-2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{10x+1}+\sqrt{9x+4}}+\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{3x-5}+\sqrt{2x-2}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{10x+1}+\sqrt{9x+4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3x-5}+\sqrt{2x-2}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=0\) (ngoặc phía sau luôn dương)
d/ Đề bài là \(2\sqrt{2x+3}\) hay \(2\sqrt{2x-3}\) bạn?
e/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3+2\sqrt{x+3}+1}=x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+3}+1\right)^2}=x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}+1=x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+3-\sqrt{x+3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}\left(\sqrt{x+3}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\x+3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) ĐKXĐ: x\(\ge\)-3
PT\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+7\right)\left(x+3\right)}=3\sqrt{x+3}+2\sqrt{x+7}-6\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{x+3},\sqrt{x+7}\right)=\left(a,b\right)\) \(\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)
PT\(\Leftrightarrow ab=3a+2b-6\Leftrightarrow a\left(b-3\right)-2\left(b-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(b-3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=3\end{cases}}\)(TM ĐK)
TH 1: a=2\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}=2\Leftrightarrow x+3=4\Leftrightarrow x=1\)(tm)
TH 2: b=3\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+7}=3\Leftrightarrow x+7=9\Leftrightarrow x=2\)(tm)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình S={1; 2}