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\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=3\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=3\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=3\) \(+,x\ge2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2\ge0\\x-1\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|=x-2\\\left|x-1\right|=x-1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|x-2\right|+\left|x-1\right|=x-2+x-1=3\Leftrightarrow2x-3=3\Leftrightarrow x=3\left(\text{t/m}\right)\) \(+,1\le x< 2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1\ge0\\x-2< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-1\right|=x-1\\\left|x-2\right|=-\left(x-2\right)=2-x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=x-1+2-x=1\left(l\right)\) \(+,x< 1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1< 0\\x-2< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-1\right|=-\left(x-1\right)=1-x\\\left|x-2\right|=-\left(x-2\right)=2-x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=1-x+2-x=3\Leftrightarrow3-2x=3\Leftrightarrow x=0\left(\text{t/m}\right)\) \(f,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-9}\ge0\\\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.mà:\sqrt{x^2-9}+\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-9}=0\\\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-9=0\\\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-9=0\\\left|x-3\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=3\)\thay vào ta thấy thoa man => x=3
\(ĐK:x\ge4\)\(\sqrt{x^2+x-20}=\sqrt{x^2+5x-4x-20}=\sqrt{x\left(x+5\right)-4\left(x+5\right)}=\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+5\right)}=\sqrt{x-4}.\sqrt{x+5}=\sqrt{x-4}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=0\\\sqrt{x+5}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x+5=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\left(tm\right)\\x=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=4\) \(b,ĐK:x\le2;\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{2-x}=\sqrt{6}\Leftrightarrow x+1+2-x+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=6\Leftrightarrow3+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=6\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=3\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(2-x\right)}=1,5\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2-x\right)=\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)=-\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=-\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}=-2\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=-2\Rightarrow vonghiem\)
a/ ĐK: \(x \ge -1\). Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}=a \ge 0\)
PT: \(\Leftrightarrow6a-3a-2a=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=15\Leftrightarrow x=24\) (nhận)
b,c: Hai ý này đều làm theo cách bình phương hoặc đưa về phương trình chứa dấu giá trị tuyệt đối được nhé.
b) Cách 1: ĐKXĐ: Tự tìm
\(\sqrt{x^{2}-4x+4}=2\Leftrightarrow x^{2}-4x+4=4\Leftrightarrow x(x-4)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\) hoặc \(x=4\) cả 2 cái này đều TMĐK
Cách 2: \((\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-2)^2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \mid x-2\mid=2\)
Với \(x\geq 2\) thì :
\(x-2=2 \Leftrightarrow x=4\) (nhận)
Với \(x<2\) thì
\(-x-2=2\Leftrightarrow x=0\) (nhận)
Vậy \(S={0;4}\)
c) Cách 1: \(\sqrt{x^{2}-6x+9}=x-2\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix}x\geq 2 \\ x^{2}-6x+9=x^{2}-4x+4 \end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix}x\geq 2 \\ x=\frac{5}{2} \end{matrix}\right.\)
Nghiệm TMĐK
Cách 2: \((\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=x-2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \mid x-3\mid =x-2\)
Với \(x\geq 3\) thì
\(x-3=x-2\Leftrightarrow 0x=-1\) ( vô lý)
Với \(x<3\) thì
\(-x+3=x-2\Leftrightarrow -2x=-5 \Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(S={\frac{5}{2}}\)
d) ĐKXĐ: Tự tìm
\(\sqrt{x^{2}+4}=\sqrt{2x+3}\Leftrightarrow x^{2}+4=2x+3\Leftrightarrow x^{2}-2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
e) ĐKXĐ: \(x\geq \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{2x-3}}{\sqrt{x-1}}=2\Leftrightarrow \frac{2x-3}{x-1}=4\Rightarrow 2x-3=4x-4\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Nghiệm không TMĐK.
Phương trình vô nghiệm.
f) ĐKXĐ: \(x\geq \frac{-15}{2}\)
\(x+\sqrt{2x+15}=0\Leftrightarrow 2x+2\sqrt{2x+15}=0\Leftrightarrow 2x+15+2\sqrt{2x+15}+1-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{2x+15}+1)^{2}-4^{2}=0\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{2x+15}+5)(\sqrt{2x+15}-3)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{2x+15}-3=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{2x+15}=3\Leftrightarrow 2x+15=9\Leftrightarrow x=-3\) (TMĐK)
a) Do VT >=0 nên VP >=0 nên \(x\ge4\)
\(PT\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)-\sqrt{x-2}-2=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2}=t\ge\sqrt{4-2}=\sqrt{2}\) thì \(t^2-t-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t=2\left(loại t = -1 vì nó không thỏa mãn đk\right)\Leftrightarrow x-2=4\Leftrightarrow x=6\)
a,\(\sqrt{x+6-4\sqrt{x+2}}+\sqrt{x+11-6\sqrt{x+2}}=1\) (*)(đk \(x\ge-2\))
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)-4\sqrt{x+2}+4}+\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)-6\sqrt{x+2}+9}\)=1
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+2}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+2}-3\right)^2}=1\)
<=> \(\left|\sqrt{x+2}-2\right|+\left|\sqrt{x+2}-3\right|\)=1 (1)
TH1: \(0\le\sqrt{x+2}< 2\)
Từ (1) =>\(2-\sqrt{x+2}+3-\sqrt{x+2}=1\)
<=> \(5-2\sqrt{x+2}=1\) <=> \(2\sqrt{x+1}=4\) <=> \(\sqrt{x+1}=2\)
<=> \(x+1=4\) <=> x=3(không t/m \(\sqrt{x+2}\le2\))
TH2 : \(2\le\sqrt{x+2}\le3\)
Từ (1) =>\(\sqrt{x+2}-2+3-\sqrt{x+2}=1\)
<=> \(1=1\) (luôn đúng)
Từ TH2 <=> 4\(\le x+2\le9\) <=> \(2\le x\le7\)
TH3 \(\sqrt{x+2}>3\)
Từ (1) => \(\sqrt{x+2}-2+\sqrt{x+2}-3=1\)
<=> \(2\sqrt{x+2}=6\) <=> \(\sqrt{x+2}=3\) <=> \(x+2=9\) <=> x=7 (không t/m \(\sqrt{x+2}>3\))
Vậy pt (*) có tập nghiệm S=\(\left\{2\le x\le7\right\}\)
b, \(x^2-10x+27=\sqrt{6-x}+\sqrt{x-4}\) (*) (đk :\(4\le x\le6\))
Vs a,b \(\ge0\) ta có \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\le\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)(tự CM nha)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b
Áp dụng bđt trên ta có: \(\sqrt{6-x}+\sqrt{x-4}\le\sqrt{2\left(6-x+x-4\right)}=\sqrt{2.2}=2\)
<=> \(\sqrt{6-x}+\sqrt{x-4}\le2\)(1)
Lại có: \(x^2-10x+27=x^2-10x+25+2=\left(x-5\right)^2+2\ge2\)
<=> \(x^2-10x+27\ge2\) (2)
Từ (1),(2) => Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-x=x-4\\x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6+4=2x\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy pt (*) có tập nghiệm S=\(\left\{5\right\}\)
c, \(x^2-2x-x\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}+4=0\)(*) (đk: x\(\ge0\))
<=> \(x\left(x-2\right)-\sqrt{x}\left(x-2\right)-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(x-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x-2\right)-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x-2\right)-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left[\sqrt{x}\left(x-2\right)-4\right]=0\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-1=0\\\sqrt{x}\left(x-2\right)-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=1\\\sqrt{x}\left(x-2\right)=4\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x\left(x-2\right)^2=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-16=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x^3-4x^2+4x-16=0\end{matrix}\right.\)<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x^2\left(x-4\right)+4\left(x-4\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\left(x^2+4\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy pt (*) có tập nghiệm S=\(\left\{1;4\right\}\)
d) x2+3x+1=(x+3)\(\sqrt{x^2+1}\)
<=>(\(\sqrt{x^2+1}-3x+3\sqrt{x^2+1}-\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}-3\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)=0\)
<=>\(\sqrt{x^2+1}=3\) hoặc \(x=\sqrt{x^2+1}\)
=>x=\(2\sqrt{2}\)
e/ \(\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{6-x}=\sqrt{x^2-8x+24}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4+2\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(6-x\right)}=x^2-8x+24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{-x^2+8x-12}=x^2-8x+20\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{-x^2+8x-12}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)thì pt thành
\(2a=-a^2+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=-4\left(l\right)\\a=2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{-x^2+8x-12}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+8x-12=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
a/ \(4x^2+3x+3-4x\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{2x-1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2-4x\sqrt{x+3}+x+3\right)+\left(2x-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)^2+\left(1-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x=\sqrt{x+3}\\1=\sqrt{2x-1}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=1\)