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a) Đặt \(a=\sqrt[3]{1+\sqrt{x}};b=\sqrt[3]{1-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3=2\) kết hợp với đề bài
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3+b^3=2\\a+b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=2\\a+b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
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1.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3x+\left(x+1-\sqrt{3x+1}\right)+\left(x+2-\sqrt{5x+4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-x\right)+\dfrac{x^2-x}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\dfrac{x^2-x}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\dfrac{1}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
2.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=a\\\sqrt[3]{2-8x^3}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta được hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2a-1\right)b=a\\a^3+b^3=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2ab\\\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow8\left(ab\right)^3-6\left(ab\right)^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left[4\left(ab\right)^2+ab+1\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab=1\Rightarrow a+b=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2\\ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=1\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2-5x+2\ge0\\2x-1>0\\x-2\ge0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x\ge2}\)
Phương trình
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}\sqrt{2x-1}-x\sqrt{x-2}+3x-x^2-3\sqrt{2x-1}+x\sqrt{2x-1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-x\right)\left(\sqrt{x-2}-3+x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{2x-1}=x\\\sqrt{x-2}=3-x\end{cases}}\)
<=> 2x-1=x2 hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}3-x\ge0\\x-2=3-x^2\end{cases}}\)
<=> x2-2x+1=0 hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\le3\\x^2-7x+11=0\end{cases}}\)
<=> x=1 hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\le3\\x=\frac{7\pm\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=\frac{7-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Đối chiếu điều kiện x>=2 => x=\(=\frac{7-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm \(x=\frac{7-\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
e/
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+8x-2+6\sqrt{x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)}\le5x^2-4x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)}\le2x^2-6x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{\left(x^2-2x\right)\left(x+1\right)}\le2x^2-6x-2\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-2x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2-2b^2=2x^2-6x-2\)
BPT trở thành:
\(3ab\le2a^2-2b^2\Leftrightarrow2a^2-3ab-2b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+b\right)\left(a-2b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\ge2b\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-2x}\ge2\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x\ge4x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x-4\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\ge3+\sqrt{13}\)
d/
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
\(3\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}+4x^2-5x+3\ge0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4a^2-b^2=4x^2-5x+3\)
BPT trở thành:
\(4a^2+3ab-b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(4a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a-b\ge0\Rightarrow4a\ge b\)
\(\Rightarrow4\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\ge\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2+16x+4\ge x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2+15x+3\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-1\le x\le\frac{-15-\sqrt{33}}{32}\\x\ge\frac{-15+\sqrt{33}}{32}\end{matrix}\right.\)