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1) \(x^4-6x^3-x^2+54x-72=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)-4x^2\left(x-2\right)-9x\left(x-2\right)+36\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3-4x^2-9x+36\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x^2\left(x-4\right)-9\left(x-4\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
Tự làm nốt...
2) \(x^4-5x^2+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-1\right)-4\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
Tự làm nốt...
\(x^4-2x^3-6x^2+8x+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)-6x\left(x-2\right)-4\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3-6x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x^2\left(x+2\right)-2x\left(x+2\right)-2\left(x+2\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x-1+\sqrt{3}\right)=0\)
...
\(2x^4-13x^3+20x^2-3x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3\left(x-2\right)-9x^2\left(x-2\right)+2x\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(2x^3-9x^2+2x+1\right)=0\)
Bí
\(a,-x^3+x^2+4=0\)
\(-\left(x^3-x^2-4\right)=0\)
\(x^3-2x^2+x^2+2x-2x-4=0\)
\(x^2\left(x-2\right)+x\left(x+2\right)-2\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(x^2\left(x-2\right)+\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)=0\)
Vì \(x^2+x+2>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(2x^2+2xy+y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=0\)
Mình giải cho bạn rồi, bạn vào xem lại lời giải nhé:
http://olm.vn/hoi-dap/question/430226.html
\(x^4-3x^3+4x^2-3x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+x^3+2x^3+2x^2+2x^2+2x+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x+1\right)+2x^2\left(x+1\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+2x^2+2x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+2x^2+2x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow(x^3+x^2+x^2+x+x+1)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow[x^2\left(x+1\right)+x\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)]\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}(x+1)^2=0\\x^2+x+1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\\varnothing\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=-1\)
(x^3-9x^2+27x-27)+(x^2-6x+9)=0
(x-3)^3+(x-3)^2=0
(x-3)^2(x-2)=0
<=>x-3=0 hoặc x-2=0
<=>x=3 hoặc x=2
Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức
a) x2+16x+64
=> x2+2.8x+82
=> (x+8)2
b) 25x2+10x+1
=> (5x+1)2
c) x2-12x+36
=> (x+6)2
d) 4x2-4x+1
=> (2x-1)2
e) x2-2x+1
=> (x-1)2
b. sửa đề
\(6x^4+25x^3+12x-25x^2+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^4+12x^3+13x^3+26x^2-14x^2-28x+3x+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^3\left(x+2\right)+13x^2\left(x+2\right)-14x\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(6x^3+13x^2-14x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(2x-1\right)\left(3x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=-3\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy........
Bài 1 : Giải phương trình
a) (x + 3)4 + (x + 5)4 = 16
Đặt : x + 3 = t
=> x + 5 = x + 3 + 2 = t + 2
Thay x + 3 = t và x + 5 = t + 2 vào phương trình, ta có :
t4 + (t + 2)4 = 16
<=> 2t4 + 8t3 + 24t2 + 32t + 16 = 16
<=> 2(t4 + 4t3 + 12t2 + 16t) = 0
<=> t4 + 4t3 + 12t2 + 16t = 0
<=> (t + 2) . t . (t2 + 2y + 4) = 0
TH1 : t = 0
TH2 : t + 2 = 0 <=> t = -2
TH3 : t2 + 2y + 4 = 0 (vô nghiệm => loại)
Nên t = 0 hoặc t = -2
hay x + 3 = -2 hoặc x + 3 = 0
<=> x = -5 hoặc x = -3
\(S=\left\{-5;-3\right\}\)
b) 6x4 + 25x3 + 12x2 - 25x + 6 = 0
<=> 6x4 + 12x3 + 13x3 + 26x2 - 14x2 - 28x + 3x + 6 = 0
<=> 6x3 (x + 2) + 13x2 (x + 2) - 14x (x + 2) + 3(x + 2) = 0
<=> (x + 2)(6x3 + 13x2 - 14x + 3) = 0
<=> (x + 2)(6x3 + 18x2 - 5x2 - 15x + x + 3) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)[6x^2\left(x+3\right)-5x\left(x+3\right)+\left(x+3\right)]=0\)
<=> (x + 2)(x + 3) (6x2 - 5x + 1) = 0
<=> (x + 2)(x + 3)(2x - 1)(3x - 1) = 0
TH1 : x + 2 = 0 <=> x = -2
TH2 : x + 3 = 0 <=> x = -3
TH3 : 2x - 1 = 0 <=> 2x = 1 <=> x = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
TH4 : 3x - 1 = 0 <=> 3x = 1 <=> 3x = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(S=\left\{-2;-3;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{3}\right\}\)
10.
\((x^2-2x-3)(x^2+10x+21)=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-3)(x+1)(x+3)(x+7)=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow [(x-3)(x+7)][(x+1)(x+3)]=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+4x-21)(x^2+4x+3)=25\)
Đặt \(x^2+4x-21=a\) thì pt trở thành:
\(a(a+24)=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+24a-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-1)(a+25)=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=1\\ a=-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(a=x^2+4x-21=1\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-22=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+2)^2=26\Rightarrow x+2=\pm \sqrt{26}\Rightarrow x=-2\pm \sqrt{26}\) (t/m)
Nếu \(a=x^2+4x-21=-25\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4=0\Leftrightarrow (x+2)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-2\) (t/m)
Vậy \(x\in \left\{-2\pm \sqrt{26}; -2\right\}\)
11.
\(x^4-4x^3+10x^2+37x-14=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^4-4x^3+4x^2)+6x^2+37x-14=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+2x^3-(6x^3+12x^2)+(22x^2+44x)-(7x+14)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3(x+2)-6x^2(x+2)+22x(x+2)-7(x+2)=0\)
\((x+2)(x^3-6x^2+22x-7)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x+2=0\\ x^3-6x^2+22x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=-2\\ x^3-6x^2+22x-7=0(*)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đối với pt $(*)$ (ta sử dụng pp Cardano)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^3-6x^2+12x-8)+10x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-2)^3+10(x-2)+21=0\)
Đặt \(x-2=a-\frac{10}{3a}\) thì PT trở thành:
\((a-\frac{10}{3a})^3+10(a-\frac{10}{3a})+21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-\frac{1000}{27a^3}+21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 27a^6+576a^3-1000=0\). Đặt \(a^3=t\) thì:
\(27t^2+576t-1000=0\)
\(\Rightarrow 27(t^2+\frac{64}{3}t+\frac{32^2}{3^2})=4072\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 27(t+\frac{32}{3})^2=4072\Rightarrow t=\pm\sqrt{\frac{4072}{27}}-\frac{32}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\sqrt[3]{\pm \sqrt{\frac{4072}{27}}-\frac{32}{3}}\)
\(x=2+a-\frac{10}{3a}\) với giá trị $a$ như trên.
P/s: Bài này mình thấy có vẻ không phù hợp với lớp 8.