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a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\\\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{8}{y}=-6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{11}{y}=11\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\\dfrac{1}{x}=-3+\dfrac{4}{y}=-3+4=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{12}{x-3}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=63\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{36}{x-3}-\dfrac{15}{y+2}=189\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{44}{x-3}=176\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13-\dfrac{8}{x-3}=-13-32=-45\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{13}{4}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}-2=-\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
1. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\x^2+y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=9\end{matrix}\right.\) ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\y>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2y+xy^2+x+y=5xy\\x^4y^2+x^2y^4+x^2+y^2=9x^2y^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^4y^2+x^2y^4+x^2+y^2=25x^2y^2\\x^4y^2+x^2y^4+x^2+y^2=9x^2y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow0=16x^2y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) phương trình vô nghiệm
Lời giải:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+\frac{1}{y}=2(1)\\ y+\frac{1}{z}=2(2)\\ z+\frac{1}{x}=2(3)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy \((1)-(2); (2)-(3); (3)-(1)\) ta thu được:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x-y+\frac{z-y}{yz}=0\\ y-z+\frac{x-z}{xz}=0\\ z-x+\frac{y-x}{xy}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x-y=\frac{y-z}{yz}\\ y-z=\frac{z-x}{xz}\\ z-x=\frac{x-y}{xy}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=\frac{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}{(xyz)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(1-\frac{1}{xyz})(1+\frac{1}{xyz})=0\)
TH1: \(x-y=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\rightarrow y=1\)
Thay vào PT\((2)\Rightarrow 1+\frac{1}{z}=2\rightarrow z=1\)
Ta thu được \((x,y,z)=(1,1,1)\)
TH2: \(y-z=0; z-x=0\) hoàn toàn giống TH1 ta cũng có \((x,y,z)=(1,1,1)\)
TH3: \(1-\frac{1}{xyz}=1\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Thay vào PT(1) và (2)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+\frac{1}{y}=2\\ y+xy=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+1=2y\\ xy=2-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow 2-y+1=2y\Leftrightarrow y=1\Rightarrow x=z=1\)
TH4: \(1+\frac{1}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xyz=-1\)
Thay vào PT (1) và (2):
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+\frac{1}{y}=2\\ y-xy=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+1=2y\\ xy=y-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow y-2+1=2y\Leftrightarrow y=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{-1}=2\Rightarrow x=3; -1+\frac{1}{z}=2\Rightarrow z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Thử vào PT(3) thấy không đúng (loại)
Vậy \((x,y,z)=(1,1,1)\)
x + y + z = 6 => (x + y + z)2 = 36
=> x2 + y2 + z2 + 2(xy + yz + zx) = 36
=> x2 + y2 + z2 = 36 - 2.12 = 12
=> x2 + y2 + z2 = xy + yz + zx
Ta có VT \(\ge\) VP. Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z
Thay vào hệ ta có (x; y; z) = (2; 2; 2)