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(1) + rút y từ pt (2) thay vào pt (1), ta được pt bậc hai 1 ẩn x, dễ rồi, tìm x rồi suy ra y
(2) + (3)
+ pt nào có nhân tử chung thì đặt nhân tử chung (thật ra chỉ có pt (2) của câu 2 là có nhân từ chung)
+ trong hệ, thấy biểu thức nào giống nhau thì đặt cho nó 1 ẩn phụ
VD hệ phương trình 3: đặt a= x+y ; b= căn (x+1)
+ khi đó ta nhận được một hệ phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn, giải hpt đó rồi suy ra x và y
hỏi trước tí, bạn biết giải cái hệ này chứ?
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=3\\2x-3y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}+\dfrac{3y}{y+2}=7\left(1\right)\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)ĐK: \(x\ne1;y\ne-2\)
(1)\(\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{2}{x-1}+3-\dfrac{6}{y+2}=7\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{6}{y+2}=3\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{x-1};B=\dfrac{1}{y+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2A-6B=3\\2A-5B=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{11}{9}\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)(TM)
Vậy hpt có nghiệm là \(\left(\dfrac{11}{9};-1\right)\).
b)ĐK: \(y\ge-1\)
Đặt \(A=x^2-2x;B=\sqrt{y+1}\left(B\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2A+B=0\\3A-2B=-7\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A=-1\\B=2\end{matrix}\right.\)(TM)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy hpt có nghiệm là (-1;1);(1;1).
1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{2}{y}=2\\-\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{4}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{6}{y}=3\\\left|x-1\right|=2-\dfrac{2}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\\left|x-1\right|=2-\dfrac{2}{2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x\in\left\{2;0\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left|x-1\right|-\dfrac{5}{y-1}=-3\\\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{2}{y-1}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left|x-1\right|-\dfrac{5}{y-1}=-3\\2\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{4}{y-1}=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{9}{y-1}=-9\\\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{2}{y-1}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\\left|x-1\right|=3-\dfrac{2}{2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x\in\left\{3;-1\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x-5}+\dfrac{12}{\sqrt{y}-2}=4\\\dfrac{2}{x-5}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}-2}=-9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{13}{\sqrt{y}-2}=13\\\dfrac{1}{x-5}=2-\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{y}-2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=9\\\dfrac{1}{x-5}=2-\dfrac{6}{3-2}=2-\dfrac{6}{1}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=9\\x-5=-\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{19}{4}\\y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+\dfrac{1}{y}}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\\x+y=b\left(b\ge3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\), ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{b-3}=3\left(1\right)\\a^2+b=8\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b-3}=3-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3-a\ge0\\b-3=9-6a+a^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le a\le3\\b=a^2-6a+12\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\). Thay (3) vào (2)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a^2-6a+12=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\left(n\right)\)
TH1: \(a=1;b=7\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+\dfrac{1}{y}}=1\left(4\right)\\x+y=7\end{matrix}\right.\). Thay \(x=7-y\) vào (4)
\(\Rightarrow7-y+\dfrac{1}{y}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7y-y^2+1=y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-3\right)^2-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=3+\sqrt{10}\\y=3-\sqrt{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4-\sqrt{10}\\x=4+\sqrt{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(a=2;b=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+\dfrac{1}{y}}=2\left(5\right)\\x+y=4\end{matrix}\right.\). Thay \(x=4-y\) vào (5)
\(\Rightarrow4-y+\dfrac{1}{y}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4y-y^2+1=4y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\left(1+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy . . .
Đặt x/x+1=a; y/y+1=b
Hệ sẽ là 2a+b=căn 2 và a+3b=-1
=>2a+b=căn 2 và 2a+6b=-2
=>-5b=căn 2+2 và a=-1-3b
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{-\sqrt{2}-2}{5}\\a=-1-3\cdot\dfrac{-\sqrt{2}-2}{3}=-1+\sqrt{2}+2=1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{y+1}=\dfrac{-2-\sqrt{2}}{5}\\\dfrac{x}{x+1}=1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y+1-1}{y+1}=\dfrac{-2-\sqrt{2}}{5}\\\dfrac{x+1-1}{x+1}=1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{y+1}=1-\dfrac{-2-\sqrt{2}}{5}=1+\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}}{5}=\dfrac{7+\sqrt{2}}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{x+1}=1-1-\sqrt{2}=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{5}{7+\sqrt{2}}-1=\dfrac{5-7-\sqrt{2}}{7+\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{-2-\sqrt{2}}{7+\sqrt{2}}\\x=-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\5\sqrt{x-2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\\sqrt{x-2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=1\\\sqrt{y-3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-1\\y\ne-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{4x}{x+1}-\dfrac{10}{y+4}=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{19x}{x+1}=28\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+1}=\dfrac{28}{19}\\\dfrac{1}{y+4}=-\dfrac{4}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=28x+28\\4y+16=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{28}{9}\\y=-\dfrac{35}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=3\\x+2y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=3\\2x+4y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-5y=5\\2x+4y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm hệ phương trình là (1; -1)
\(b)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}x-y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3x-2y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2y=1\\3x-2y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow0x-0y=0\left(VSN\right)\)
Vậy hệ phương trình vô số nghiệm
\(c)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left(x+2y\right)=3x-1\\2x+4=3\left(x-5y\right)-12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+10y=3x-1\\2x+4=3x-15y-12\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-3x+10y=-1\\2x-3x+15y=-12-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+10y=-1\\-x+15y=-16\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+10y=-1\\-2x+30y=-32\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40y=-33\\-2x+30y=-32\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{33}{40}\\x=\dfrac{29}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm hệ phương trình là \(\left(\dfrac{29}{8};-\dfrac{33}{40}\right)\)
\(\left(x\ne-y;x>\dfrac{y}{2}\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2x-y}}-\dfrac{21}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x-y}}+\dfrac{7-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2x-y}}-\dfrac{21}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x-y}}+\dfrac{7}{x+y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(đặt:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-y}}=a>0;\dfrac{1}{x+y}=b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a-21b=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3a+7b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\\b=\dfrac{1}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-y}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\x+y=14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)(thỏa)