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a) mFe pứ = \(126.\dfrac{90}{100}=113,4\) (g)
=> nFe pứ = \(\dfrac{113,4}{56}=2,025\) mol
Pt: 3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
2,025-> 1,35--------> 0,675 (mol)
b) VO2 cần dùng = 1,35 . 22,4 = 30,24 (lít)
mFe3O4 thu được = 0,675 . 232 = 156,6 (g)
c) Pt: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
..........0,9 mol<-----------------1,35 mol
mKClO3 cần dùng = 0,9 . 122,5 = 110,25 (g)
nFe = 2,25 mol
3Fe + 2O2 → Fe3O4
2,25.....1,5.......0,75
⇒ VO2 = 1,5.22,4:90% = 37,33 (l)
⇒ mFe3O4 = 0,75.232.90% = 156,6 (g)
2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
⇒ nKClO3 = 1 mol
⇒ mKClO3 = 1.122,5:90% = 136,11 (g)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
(mol) 3 2 1
(mol) 0,03 0,02 0,01
- Số mol \(Fe_3O_4:n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{2,32}{232}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
b. Thể tích khí Oxi cần dùng là:
\(V_{O_2}=n.22,4=0,02.22,4=0,0448\left(l\right)\)
c.
\(PTHH:2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_2+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
(mol) 2 1
(mol) 0,04 0,02
Số gam kalipenmaganat cần dùng là:
\(m_{KMnO_4}=n.M=0,04.158=6,32\left(g\right)\)
a. Số mol oxit sắt từ : nFe3O4=2,32(56.3+16.4)nFe3O4=2,32(56.3+16.4) = 0,01 (mol).
Phương trình hóa học.
3Fe + 2O2 -> Fe3O4
3mol 2mol 1mol.
0,01 mol.
Khối lượng sắt cần dùng là : m = 56.3.0,011=1,6856.3.0,011=1,68 (g).
Khối lượng oxi cần dùng là : m = 32.2.0,011=0,6432.2.0,011=0,64 (g).
a)\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{2,32}{232}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
Theo PTHH, ta có:\(n_{Fe}=3n_{Fe_3O_4}=3.0,01=0,03\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,03.56=1,68\left(g\right)\)
Theo PTHH ta có:\(n_{O_2}=2n_{Fe_3O_4}=2.0,01=0,02\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,02.32=0,64\left(g\right)\)
b)PTHH:\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
__________2____________________________1
________0,04___________________________0,02
\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,04.158=6,32\left(g\right)\)
a) 3Fe+2O2-->Fe3O4
n\(_{Fe3O4}=\frac{2,32}{232}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh
n\(_{Fe}=3n_{Fe3O4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
m\(_{Fe}=0,03.56=1,68\left(g\right)\)
Theo pthh
n\(_{O2}=n_{Fe3O4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
m\(_{O2}=0,02.32=0,64\left(g\right)\)
b) 2KMnO4--->K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
Theo pthh
n\(_{KMnO4}=2n_{O2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
m\(_{KMnO4}=0,04.158=6,32\left(g\right)\)
a. \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : 3Fe + 2O2 -to> Fe3O4
0,3 0,2 0,1
b. \(m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,1.232=23,2\left(g\right)\)
c. \(V_{O_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
a \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
b \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3mol\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=0,1mol\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,1\cdot232=2,32g\)
c \(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{Fe}=0,2mol\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
1) nFe3O4= 46,4:232=0,2 mol
PTHH :3Fe+2O2\(\rightarrow\) Fe3O4
0,6 0,4 \(\leftarrow\)0,2 (mol)
PTHH: 2KMnO4\(\rightarrow\) K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,8 \(\leftarrow\) 0,4 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\) m KMnO4= 0,8.158=126,4 g
1) 3Fe + 2O2 ---> Fe3O4 ---> nO2 = 2nFe3O4 = 2.46,4/232 = 0,4 mol.
2KMnO4 ---> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 ---> nKMnO4 = 2nO2 = 0,8 mol
---> mKMnO4 = 158.0,8 = 126,4 g.
2) KClO3 ---> KCl + 3/2O2 ---> nKClO3 = 2/3nO2
---> nKClO3:nKMnO4 = 2/3:2 = 1:3 ---> mKClO3:mKMnO4 = 158/3.122,5 = 0,43
3) KNO3 ---> KNO2 + 1/2O2 ; Cu(NO3)2 ---> CuO + 2NO2 + 1/2O2
Như vậy nếu thu được cùng lượng oxi thì KClO3 sẽ có khối lượng nhỏ nhất.
Bài làm
2KClO3 -----> 2KCl + 3O2
a) nKClO3 = 19,6/( 39 + 35,5 + 16 . 3 ) = 0.16 ( mol )
nO2 = 3/2 nKClO3 = 3/2 . 0,16 = 0,24 mol
VO2 = 0,24 . 22,4 = 5,376 ( l )
b) 2O2 + 3Fe ---> Fe3O4
nFe3O4 = 1/2 nO2 = 1/2 . 0,24 = 0,12 mol
=> mFe3O4 = 0,12 . ( 56 . 3 + 16 . 4 ) = 27,84 ( g )
a. 3Fe+2O2-to->Fe3O4
b. nFe3O4=46,4/232=0,2mol
nO2=2nFe3O4=0,4mol
=>vO2=0,4.22,4=8,96lit
c. PTPU: 2KMnO4-to->K21MnO4+MnO2+O2
Theo PT ta có: nKMnO4=2nO2=0,8mol
=>mKMnO4=0,8.158=126,4gam