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nP = 6.2/31 = 0.2 (mol)
nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
4P + 5O2 -to-> 2P2O5
0.2___0.25_____0.1
mO2 dư = ( 0.3 - 0.25) * 32 = 1.6(g)
mP2O5 = 0.1*142 = 14.2 (g)
Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6.2}{31}=0.29mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3mol\)
PTHH:
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{n_{P\left(bra\right)}}{nP_{\left(pthh\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2}{4}=0.05\\\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(bra\right)}}{n_{O_2}\left(pthh\right)}=\dfrac{0.3}{5}=0.06\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(O_2\) dư
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
4 ----------->2
0.2---------->0.1=nP2O5
=>\(m_{P_2O_5}=142.0.1=14.2\left(g\right)\)
nP=\(\dfrac{62}{31}\)=0,2(mol)
nO2=\(\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}\)=0,35(mol)
PTHH:4P+5O2to→2P2O5
tpứ: 0,2 0,35
pứ: 0,2 0,25 0,1
spứ: 0 0,1 0,1
a)chất còn dư là oxi
mO2dư=0,1.32=3,2(g)
b)mP2O5=n.M=0,1.142=14,2(g)
\(a.n_P=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\ 4P+5O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,35}{5}\\ \Rightarrow SauphảnứngO_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,35-0,25\right).32=3,2\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{15,6}{65}=0,24\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ a,Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,24}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2\left(LT\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{Zn}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ a,n_{H_2\left(TT\right)}=50\%.0,24=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc,thực.tế\right)}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,24=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,16.98=15,68\left(g\right)\)
Bài trên
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{1}{1}>\dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow O_2thừa\\ n_{O_2\left(thừa\right)}=1-\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(thừa\right)}=0,75.32=24\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,5.18=9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{12,4}{31}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
0,4 0,2
\(m_{P_2O_5}=142.0,2=28,4g\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{17}{32}=0,53\left(mol\right)\)
\(pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,4}{4}< \dfrac{0,53}{5}\)
=> O2 dư
\(n_{O_2\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,5\left(mol\right)\\
m_{O_2\left(d\right)}=\left(0,53-0,5\right).32=0,96g\)
`4P + 5O_2` $\xrightarrow[]{t^o}$ `2P_2 O_5`
`0,4` `0,5` `0,2` `(mol)`
`n_P = [ 12,4 ] / 31 = 0,4 (mol)`
`a) m_[P_2 O_5] = 0,2 . 142 = 28,4 (g)`
`b) n_[O_2] = 17 / 32 = 0,53125 (mol)`
Ta có: `[ 0,4 ] / 4 < [ 0,53125 ] / 5`
`->O_2` dư
`=> m_[O_2 (dư)] = ( 0,53125 - 0,5 ) . 32 = 1(g)`
$a) CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O$
b) $n_{CH_4} = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12(mol)$
Ta thấy : $n_{CH_4} : 1 > n_{O_2} : 2$ nên $CH_4$ dư
$n_{CH_4\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,06(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{CH_4\ dư} = (0,175 - 0,06).16 = 1,84(gam)$
c) $2NaOH + CO_2 \to Na_2CO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_4} = 0,06(mol)$
$m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,06.106 = 6,36(gam)$
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,04}{1}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,04-\dfrac{0,1}{4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,015.32=0,48\left(g\right)\\ b,C1:n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{2}{4}.n_{Na}=\dfrac{2}{4}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Na_2O}=0,05.62=3,1\left(g\right)\\ C2:ĐLBTKL:m_{Na_2O}=m_{Na}+m_{O_2\left(bđ\right)}-m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=2,3+0,04.32-0,48=3,1\left(g\right)\)
a. \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : 4Na + O2 -to> 2Na2O
0,1 0,025 0,05
Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,04}{1}\) => Na đủ , O2 dư
\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,04-0,025\right).32=0,48\left(g\right)\)
b. Cách 1 : \(m_{Na_2O}=0,05.62=3,1\left(g\right)\)
Cách 2 : \(m_{Na}=0,1.23=2,3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{O_2}=0,025.32=0,8\left(g\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL:
\(m_{Na}+m_{O_2}=m_{Na_2O}\\ \Rightarrow2,3+0,8=3,1\left(g\right)\)