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\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(ab+ac+bc\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(ab+ac+bc-bc\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-c\\a=-b\\b=-c\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Nếu \(a=-c\Rightarrow a^{2006}=c^{2006}\Rightarrow c^{2006}-a^{2006}=0\Rightarrow P=0\)
- Nếu \(a=-b\Rightarrow a^{2004}=b^{2004}\Rightarrow a^{2004}-b^{2004}=0\Rightarrow P=0\)
- Nếu \(b=-c\Rightarrow b^{2005}=-c^{2005}\Rightarrow b^{2005}+c^{2005}=0\Rightarrow P=0\)
Vậy \(P=0\)
Ta có: \(16a^4+4=16a^4+2.4a^2.2+4-16a^2\)
\(=\left(4a+2\right)^2-16a^2\)
\(=\left(4a+2\right)^2-16a^2\)
\(=\left(4a^2-4a+2\right).\left(4a^2+4a+2\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(2a-1\right)^2+1\right].\left[\left(2a+1\right)^2+1\right]\) ( a \(\in\) N* )
Do đó: \(16a^4+4=\left[\left(2a-1\right)^2+1\right].\left[\left(2a+1\right)^2+1\right]\) ( * )
Thay a lần lượt bằng 1, 2, 3, ..., 2014, ta có:
\(16.1^4+4=\left[\left(2.1-1\right)^2+1\right].\left[\left(2.1+1\right)^2+1\right]=\left(1^2+1\right).\left(3^2+1\right)\)
\(16.2^4+4=\left[\left(2.2-1\right)^2+1\right].\left[\left(2.2+1\right)^2+1\right]=\left(3^2+1\right).\left(5^2+1\right)\)
\(16.3^4+4=\left[\left(2.3-1\right)^2+1\right].\left[\left(2.3+1\right)^2+1\right]=\left(5^2+1\right).\left(7^2+1\right)\)
\(16.4^4+4=\left[\left(2.4-1\right)^2+1\right].\left[\left(2.4+1\right)^2+1\right]=\left(7^2+1\right).\left(9^2+1\right)\)
\(......\)
\(16.2005^4+4=\left[\left(2.2005-1\right)^2+1\right].\left[\left(2.2005+1\right)^2+1\right]=\left(4009^2+1\right).\left(4011^2+1\right)\)
\(16.2006^4+4=\left[\left(2.2006-1\right)^2+1\right].\left[\left(2.2006+1\right)^2+1\right]=\left(4011^2+1\right).\left(4013^2+1\right)\)
Đặt \(T=\dfrac{\left(1^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right).\left(3^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...\left(2005^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right).\left(4^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...\left(2006^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow T=\dfrac{16.\left(1^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right).16\left(3^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...16\left(2005^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}{16.\left(2^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right).16\left(4^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...16\left(2006^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow T=\dfrac{\left(16.1^4+4\right).\left(16.3^4+4\right)...\left(16.2005^4+4\right)}{\left(16.2^4+4\right).\left(16.4^4+4\right)...\left(16.2006^4+4\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow T=\dfrac{\left(1^2+1\right).\left(3^2+1\right).\left(5^2+1\right)...\left(4009^2+1\right).\left(4011^2+1\right)}{\left(3^2+1\right).\left(5^2+1\right).\left(7^2+1\right)...\left(4011^2+1\right).\left(4013^2+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow T=\dfrac{1^2+1}{4013^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow T=\dfrac{2}{4013^2+1}\)
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n} }=\frac{\sqrt{n} }{n(n+1)}=\sqrt{n} (\frac{1}{\sqrt{n} } -\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1} } )(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n} } +\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1} } )=(1+\frac{\sqrt{n} }{\sqrt{n+1} } )(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n} } -\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1} } <2(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n} } -\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1} } )\)
Áp dụng BĐT vừa CM ta có
A< 2(1-\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} } +\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} } -\frac{1}{\sqrt{3} } +...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n} } -\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1} } \))<2(đpcm)
Xét dạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}.\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(< \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2005\sqrt{2004}}\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2003}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2003}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2004}}< 2\)
=>đpcm
\(\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{637}{2550}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)=\dfrac{637}{2550}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)=\dfrac{637}{2550}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{637}{1275}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{637}{1275}=\dfrac{1}{2550}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)=2550\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n^2+3n-2548=0\)
\(\Rightarrow n=49\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vô giải tiếp