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Nguyễn Trần Thành ĐạtXuân Tuấn TrịnhHung nguyenHoang HungQuan Ace Legona giúp với
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{3^2-1}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< \dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{2.4}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}< \dfrac{2}{3}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{b+1}=\dfrac{b+1-b}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{b\left(b+1\right)}\)
vì b+1 > b , b \(\in\) N sao , => b(b+1) >b2 => \(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{b+1}< \dfrac{1}{b^2}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{1}{b-1}-\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{b-b+1}{b\left(b-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{b\left(b-1\right)}\)vì b>b-1
=> b2>(b-1)b => \(\dfrac{1}{b^2}< \dfrac{1}{b\left(b-1\right)}\)
Vậy\(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{b+1}< \dfrac{1}{b^2}< \dfrac{1}{b-1}-\dfrac{1}{b}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Em chưa học làm dạng này , em làm thử thôi nhá, sai xin chỉ dạy thêm nha
2 . \(\dfrac{n^7+n^2+1}{n^8+n+1}=\dfrac{n^7-n+n^2+n+1}{n^8-n^2+n^2+n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{n\left(n^6-1\right)+n^2+n+1}{n^2\left(n^6-1\right)+n^2+n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(n^3+1\right)\left(n^3-1\right)+n^2+n+1}{n^2\left(n^3+1\right)\left(n^3-1\right)+n^2+n+1}\)\(=\dfrac{n\left(n^3+1\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+n^2+n+1}{n^2\left(n^3+1\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+n^2+n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left[\left(n^4+n\right)\left(n-1\right)\right]}{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left[\left(n^5+n^2\right)\left(n-1\right)+1\right]}\)
\(=\dfrac{n^5-n^4+n^2-n}{n^6-n^5+n^3-n^2+1}=\dfrac{n^4\left(n-1\right)+n\left(n-1\right)}{n^5\left(n-1\right)+n^2\left(n-1\right)+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n^4+n\right)}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n^5+n^2\right)+1}\)
Vậy ,với mọi số nguyên dương n thì phân thức trên sẽ không tối giản
Lời giải:
1)
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{x-2}+\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-4}\)
\(=\frac{x+2}{(x-2)(x+2)}+\frac{x-2}{(x-2)(x+2)}+\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-4}\)
\(=\frac{x+2}{x^2-4}+\frac{x-2}{x^2-4}+\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-4}=\frac{x+2+x-2+x^2+1}{x^2-4}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+2x+1}{x^2-4}=\frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2-4}\)
2) Với mọi \(-2< x< 2\Rightarrow (x-2)(x+2)< 0\Leftrightarrow x^2-4< 0\)
Mà \((x+1)^2>0\forall x\neq 1; -2< x< 2\) nên \(\frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2-4}< 0\)
Tức là biểu thức A luôn nhận giá trị âm. Ta có đpcm.
\(A=\dfrac{1}{x-2}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}+\dfrac{x^2+1}{x^2-4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{x-2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{x^2+1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x+2+x-2+x^2+1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x^2+2x+1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
Ta có: -2 < x < 2
=> x thuộc { -1 ; 0 ; 1 }
Mà x khác -1 nên x = 0 ; x = 1
Với x = 0 thì \(A=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0+1\right)^2}{\left(0-2\right)\left(0+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{-4}\)
=> A có giá trị âm
Với x = 1 thì \(A=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{\left(1-2\right)\left(1+2\right)}=\dfrac{4}{-3}\)
=> A có giá trị âm
Vậy với -2 < x < 2 ; x khác -1 thì A có giá trị âm
a) Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 2-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(2-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}.2-\dfrac{1}{2^2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2^3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(Đpcm\right)\)
b) Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)
Ta có:
\(B< \dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+\dfrac{2}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2n+1}{2n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2n}{2n+1}\)
\(B< \dfrac{2n}{4n+2}\)
\(B< \dfrac{2n}{2\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(B< \dfrac{n}{2n+1}\)
a/ \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}=1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)
Vậy A < 1
b/ Dựa vô câu a mà làm câu b nhé
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
\(< \dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+1-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4n}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{n-1}{1}+\dfrac{n-2}{2}+...+\dfrac{n-\left(n-2\right)}{n-2}+\dfrac{n-\left(n-1\right)}{n-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{n}{1}+\dfrac{n}{2}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-2}+\dfrac{n}{n-1}-1-1-...-1\)
\(=n+\dfrac{n}{2}+\dfrac{n}{3}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-1}-\left(n-1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{n}{2}+\dfrac{n}{3}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-1}+\dfrac{n}{n}=n\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=n.B\)
\(A:B=n\)
Ta có: \(1-\dfrac{1}{n^2}=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{n^2}\)
Thế vô bài toán ta được
\(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2^2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3^2}\right)...\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)=\dfrac{1.3}{2.2}.\dfrac{2.4}{3.3}...\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{n.n}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{n+1}{n}\)
Ta thấy
\(\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{n}{n}< \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{n+1}{n}< \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{n+n}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}< \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{n+1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)ĐPCM