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Ta có : \(\dfrac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2axcz+2bycz=a^2x^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2+c^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2z^2+c^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2axby+2axvz+2bycz=a^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2z^2+c^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2z^2+c^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2y^2-2axby-2azcx-2bycz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2\right)+\left(a^2z^2-2azcx+c^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bycz+c^2y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0;\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0;\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\az=cx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\\dfrac{c}{z}=\dfrac{a}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
:D
Ta có:(a2+b2+c2)(x2+y2+z2)=(ax+by+cz)2
=>a2x2+a2y2+a2z2+b2x2+b2y2+b2z2+c2x2+
c2y2+c2z2=a2x2+b2y2+c2z2+2axby+2axcz+
2bycz
=>a2y2+a2z2+b2x2+b2z2+c2x2+c2y2-2axby-2axcz-2bycz=0
=>(a2y2-2axby+b2x2)+(a2z2-2axcz+c2x2)+
(b2z2-2bycz+c2y2)=0
=>(ay-bx)2+(az-cx)2+(bz-cy)2=0
Vì (ay-bx)2\(\ge0\);(az-cx)2\(\ge0\);(bz-cy)2\(\ge0\)
nên =>(ay-bx)2+(az-cx)2+(bz-cy)2\(\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\az=cx\\bz=cy\end{matrix}\right.\)=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{c}{z}\\\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\)=>\(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)(x;y;z\(\ne0\))
cái chỗ dấu = xảy ra khi... cậu viết rõ hơn đc k? tớ ms vào nên k biết kí hiệu này lắm
1. Đặt : x = a + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) ; y = b + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) ; z = \(c+\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có : x + y + z = 1
⇒ a + b + c = 0
Ta có : x2 + y2 + z2 = ( a + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\))2 + ( b + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\))2 + ( c + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\))2
= a2 + \(\dfrac{2}{3}a+\dfrac{1}{9}+b^2+\dfrac{2}{3}b+\dfrac{1}{9}+c^2+\dfrac{2}{3}c+\dfrac{1}{9}\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{3}+a^2+b^2+c^2\) ≥ \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi : a = b = c = 0 ⇔ x = y = z = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y)^2=a\neq 0\\ xy=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dùng cách biến đổi tương đương.
Ta có: \(A=x^2+y^2+\left(\frac{xy+1}{x+y}\right)^2=(x+y)^2-2xy+\frac{(xy+1)^2}{(x+y)^2}\)
\(A=a-2b+\frac{(b+1)^2}{a}\)
\(A\geq 2\Leftrightarrow a-2b+\frac{(b+1)^2}{a}\geq 2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+(b+1)^2\geq 2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+1-2ab+2b-2a\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (-a+b+1)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(-a+b+1=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+xy=1\)
\(Tacó:\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x+1\right|\ge0\\\left|3x+2\right|\ge0\\\left|4x+3\right|\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|2x+1\right|+\left|3x+2\right|+\left|4x+3\right|\ge0\Rightarrow x-1\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+1>0\\3x+2>0\\4x+3>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x+1\right|=2x+1\\\left|3x+2\right|=3x+2\\\left|4x+3\right|=4x+3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow2x+1+3x+2+4x+3=x-1\Leftrightarrow9x+6=x-1\Leftrightarrow8x=-7\left(\text{vô lí}\right)\)
\(Vậy:x\in\varnothing\)
\(2,\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(ax\right)^2+\left(ay\right)^2+\left(bx\right)^2+\left(by\right)^2\ge\left(ax\right)^2+2axby+\left(by\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(ay\right)^2+\left(bx\right)^2\ge2axby\Leftrightarrow\left(ay\right)^2-2axby+\left(bx\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\left(\text{luôn đúng}\right).\text{Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh}\)
a)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+m^2-a(b+c+d+m)\)
\(=\frac{4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4m^2-4a(b+c+d+m)}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a^2+4b^2-4ab)+(a^2+4c^2-4ac)+(a^2+4d^2-4ad)+(a^2+4m^2-4am)}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a-2b)^2+(a-2c)^2+(a-2d)^2+(a-2m)^2}{4}\geq 0\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=2b=2c=2d=2m\)
b)
Xét hiệu
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{4}{x+y}=\frac{x+y}{xy}-\frac{4}{x+y}=\frac{(x+y)^2-4xy}{xy(x+y)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2-2xy}{xy(x+y)}=\frac{(x-y)^2}{xy(x+y)}\geq 0, \forall x,y>0\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq \frac{4}{x+y}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y$
c)
Xét hiệu:
\((a^2+c^2)(b^2+d^2)-(ab+cd)^2\)
\(=(a^2b^2+a^2d^2+c^2b^2+c^2d^2)-(a^2b^2+2abcd+c^2d^2)\)
\(=a^2d^2-2abcd+b^2c^2=(ad-bc)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+c^2)(b^2+d^2)\geq (ab+cd)^2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(ad=bc\)
d)
Xét hiệu:
\(a^2+b^2-(a+b-\frac{1}{2})=a^2+b^2-a-b+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4})+(b^2-b+\frac{1}{4})\)
\(=(a-\frac{1}{2})^2+(b-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\geq a+b-\frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi x=y
bạn đọc kĩ đề nha bạn