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\(M=4x\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+xz+yx+yz\right)+\left(yz\right)^2\)
\(M=4\left(x^2+xy+zx\right)\left(x^2+yz+zx+xy\right)+\left(yz\right)^2\)
\(M=4\left(x^2+xy+zx\right)\left\{\left(x^2+yz+zx\right)+xy\right\}+\left(yz^2\right)\)
\(M=4\left(x^2+xy+zx\right)^2+4\left(x^2+yz+zx\right)\left(yz\right)+\left(yz\right)^2\) ( hằng đẳng thức )
\(M=\left\{2\left(x^2+xy+zx\right)\right\}^2+2.2\left(x^2+xy+zx\right)\left(yz\right)+\left(yz\right)^2\)
\(M=\left(2\left(x^2+xy+zx\right)+\left(yz\right)\right)^2\)
\(M=\left(2x^2+2xy+zx+yz\right)^2\)
\(M=4x\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)+y^2z^2\)
\(=2x\left(x+y+z\right)2\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)+y^2z^2\)
\(=\left(2x^2+2xy+2xz\right)\left(2x^2+2xy+2xz+2yz\right)+y^2z^2\)
Đặt \(2x^2+2xy+2xz+yz=a\)
\(M=\left(a-yz\right)\left(a+yz\right)+y^2z^2\)
\(=a^2-y^2z^2+y^2z^2\)
\(=a^2\)
Mà \(x;y;z\in N\Rightarrow a\in N\)
=> M là số chính phương
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
Xét B=(y-z)2(z-x)2+(x-y)2(z-x)2+(x-y)2(y-z)2
Đặt a=(y-z)(z-x), b=(x-y)(z-x), c=(x-y)(y-z)
Ta có:B=a2+b2+c2=(a+b+c)2-2(ab+bc+ca)
=(a+b+c)2-2((x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(z-x + x-y + y-z)
=(a+b+c)2-0=(a+b+c)2
=[(y-z)(z-x)+(x-y)(z-x)+(x-y)(y-z)]2
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\text{[x-y)(z-x)+(x-y)(z-x)+(x-y)(y-z)]^2}}{\text{[(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)]^2}}\)
=> A là bình phương 1 số hữu tỉ
\(M=4x\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)+y^2z^2=4\left(x^2+xy+xz\right)\left(x^2+xy+xz+yz\right)+y^2z^2\)
Đặt \(x^2+xy+xz=a\) , ta có:
\(M=4a\left(a+yz\right)+y^2z^2=4a^2+4ayz+y^2z^2=\left(2a+yz\right)^2\)
\(M=\left(2x^2+2xy+2xz+yz\right)^2\)là số chính phương với \(x;y;z\in N\)
\(C=4x\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)+y^2z^2\)
\(=4x\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)+y^2z^2\)
\(=4\left(x^2+xy+xz\right)\left(x^2+xy+xz+yz\right)+y^2z^2\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(a=x^2+xy+xz\)và \(b=yz\)ta có:
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow C=4a\left(a+b\right)+b^2=b^2+4ab+4a^2=\left(b+2a\right)^2\)
Vậy C là một số chính phương.
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=a\\y-z=b\end{cases}}\) \(\Rightarrow x-z=x-y+y-z=a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(z-x\right)^2}=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^4+2a^3b+a^2b^2+a^2b^2+2ab^3+b^4+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{a^4+2a^3b+3a^2b^2+2ab^3+b^4}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)^2}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}=\left[\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\right]^2\)là bình phưởng của 1 số hữu tỉ (đpcm)