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2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
Bạn tham khảo lời giải tại đây:
https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/voi-0-xy-dfrac12-chung-minhdfracsqrtxy1dfracsqrtyx1-dfrac2sqrt23.461470553384
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{4x^2y^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\geq 3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{4x^2y^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}-1+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{4x^2y^2-(x^2+y^2)^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\left(\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}\right)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{-(x^2-y^2)^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\frac{(x^2-y^2)^2}{x^2y^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-y^2)^2\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}-\frac{1}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(x^2-y^2)^2(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2)}{x^2y^2(x^2+y^2)^2}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y$
\(A=\dfrac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\)
x,y khác 0
<=>\(A=\dfrac{4}{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2\)
\(A+2=\dfrac{4}{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=m\)
\(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=t;t\ge4\)
\(m=\dfrac{4}{t}+t\Leftrightarrow t^2-mt+4=0\)
f(t) có nghiệm t>= 4<=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2-16\ge0\\\dfrac{m+\sqrt{m^2-16}}{2}\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|m\right|\ge4\\m^2-16\ge m^2-16m+64\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|m\right|\ge4\\m\ge5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow A+2\ge5;A\ge3=>dpcm\)
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4\right)\ge6\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2}+8\ge\dfrac{6x}{y}+\dfrac{6y}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+2+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\right)-4\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+4+\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}-2.\dfrac{x}{y}+1+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}-2.\dfrac{y}{x}+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-4.\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+4+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)^2\ge0^{\left(1\right)}\)
\(^{\left(1\right)}\)đúng \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Áp dụng BĐT : x4 + y4 ≥ 2x2y2
=> \(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\) ≥ 2 ( x , y > 0 )
TT , \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\) ≥ 2 ( x , y > 0 )
Ta có : \(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\) + 4 ≥ 6 ( 1 )
\(3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\) ≥ 6 ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ; 2) => đpcm
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐt cauchy dạng phân thức:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\ge\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3x+3y}=4\)
dấu = xảy ra khi 2x+y=x+2y <=> x=y
Bài 2:
ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\ge\dfrac{4^2}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)(theo BĐt cauchy-schwarz)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT trên vào bài toán ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)\(A\le\dfrac{1}{16}.4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
......
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy cho 2 số dương:
\(a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
thiết lập tương tự:\(\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
cả 2 vế các BĐT đều dương ,cộng vế với vế,ta có dpcm
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2}+8\ge6\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+2+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\right)-4\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+4+\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}-2.\dfrac{x}{y}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}-2.\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)
cách khác
đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-3t+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
điều này luôn đúng với mọi |t| >=2 => dpcm
kết luận điều kiện đề hơi thừa
cái cần c/m đúng với mọi x,y khác 0
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{z+y+z}=9=\dfrac{18}{2}>\dfrac{18}{xyz+2}\)
*)Cách cho THCS Yahoo Hỏi & Đáp
*)Cách cho THPT
Áp dụng C-S dạng Engel \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{9}{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Vậy chứng minh \(\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}>\frac{18}{xyz+2}\Leftrightarrow xyz-6\sqrt[3]{xyz}+2>0\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt[3]{xyz}\le\frac{x+y+z}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow0< t\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=t^3-6t+2\) nghịch biến trên (\(0;\frac{1}{3}\)]
\(f\left(t\right)\ge f\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)=\frac{1}{27}>0\) (ĐPCM)
\(\dfrac{1}{3x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{2}{y^2+3xy}=\dfrac{1}{3x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{4}{2y^2+6xy}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{3x^2+3y^2+6xy}=\dfrac{9}{3x^2+3y^2+6xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{3\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)}=\dfrac{9}{3\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{3}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)