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Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 2 số dương a,b ta có \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge2.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=>\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}}\)
suy ra \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\).Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có :\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+xy}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+xy+y^2+xy}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge4\) (Do \(x+y\le1\))
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{4x^2y^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\geq 3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{4x^2y^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}-1+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{4x^2y^2-(x^2+y^2)^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\left(\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}\right)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{-(x^2-y^2)^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\frac{(x^2-y^2)^2}{x^2y^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-y^2)^2\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}-\frac{1}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(x^2-y^2)^2(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2)}{x^2y^2(x^2+y^2)^2}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y$
\(A=\dfrac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\)
x,y khác 0
<=>\(A=\dfrac{4}{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2\)
\(A+2=\dfrac{4}{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=m\)
\(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=t;t\ge4\)
\(m=\dfrac{4}{t}+t\Leftrightarrow t^2-mt+4=0\)
f(t) có nghiệm t>= 4<=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2-16\ge0\\\dfrac{m+\sqrt{m^2-16}}{2}\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|m\right|\ge4\\m^2-16\ge m^2-16m+64\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|m\right|\ge4\\m\ge5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow A+2\ge5;A\ge3=>dpcm\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\frac{x}{a}=m; \frac{y}{b}=n\)
Khi đó ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} m+n=\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}=1\\ mn=\frac{xy}{ab}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo hằng đẳng thức:
\(\frac{x^3}{a^3}+\frac{y^3}{b^3}=m^3+n^3=(m+n)^3-3m^2n-3mn^2\)
\(=(m+n)^3-3mn(m+n)=1-3(-2).1=7\)
Ta có đpcm
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}\times\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}\times\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}\times\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}=\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z
Bài 2 .
a) \(\dfrac{2x}{x^2+2xy}+\dfrac{y}{xy-2y^2}+\dfrac{4}{x^2-4y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x}{x\left(x+2y\right)}+\dfrac{y}{y\left(x-2y\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2xy\left(x-2y\right)+xy\left(x+2y\right)+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2y-2xy^2+x^2y+2xy^2+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2y+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
b) Sai đề hay sao ý
c) \(\dfrac{2x+y}{2x^2-xy}+\dfrac{16x}{y^2-4x^2}+\dfrac{2x-y}{2x^2+xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+y}{x\left(2x-y\right)}+\dfrac{-16x}{\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2x-y}{x\left(2x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2x+y\right)^2-16x^2+\left(2x-y\right)^2}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4x^2+4xy+y^2-16x^2+4x^2-4xy+y^2}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-8x^2}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}\)
d) \(\dfrac{1}{1-x}+\dfrac{1}{1+x}+\dfrac{2}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{4}{1+x^4}+\dfrac{8}{1+x^8}+\dfrac{16}{1+x^{16}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{1-x^2}+\dfrac{2}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{4}{1+x^4}+\dfrac{8}{1+x^8}+\dfrac{16}{1+x^{16}}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{1-x^4}+\dfrac{4}{1+x^4}+\dfrac{8}{1+x^8}+\dfrac{16}{1+x^{16}}\)
.....
\(=\dfrac{16}{1-x^{16}}+\dfrac{16}{1+x^{16}}\)
\(=\dfrac{32}{1-x^{32}}\)
a) \(\dfrac{2x}{x^2+2xy}+\dfrac{y}{xy-2y^2}+\dfrac{4}{x^2-4y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x}{x\left(x+2y\right)}+\dfrac{y}{y\left(x-2y\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}\) MTC: \(xy\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{2x.y\left(x-2y\right)}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}+\dfrac{y.x\left(x+2y\right)}{xy\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}+\dfrac{4.xy}{xy\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2xy\left(x-2y\right)+xy\left(x+2y\right)+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2y-4xy^2+x^2y+2xy^2+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2y-2xy^2+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{3xy}{y^3-x^3}+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x-y}-\dfrac{3xy}{x^3-y^3}+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x-y}-\dfrac{3xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+xy+y^2}\) MTC: \(\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}-\dfrac{3xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)-3xy+\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2-3xy+x^2-2xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2-4xy+2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)
Ta có :
+) \(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
+) \(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{xz}{zc}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(x^4+y^4\ge x^3y+xy^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-x^3y+y^4-xy^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-y\right)-y^3\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^3-y^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng
Ta có bất đẳng thức $a^2+b^2 \geq \dfrac{(a+b)^2}{2}
$⇔2.(a^2+b^2) \geq (a+b)^2$
$⇔(a-b)^2 \geq 0$ (đúng)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức trên cho $\dfrac{x}{y}$ và $\dfrac{y}{x}$ có:
$\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2} $
$\geq \dfrac{(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})^2}{2}$
Hay $2.\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2} \geq (\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})^2$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy (Cô-si) có:
$\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x} \geq 2.\sqrt[]{\dfrac{x}{y}.\dfrac{y}{x}}=2$
Nên $(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}).(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}) \geq 2.(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})$
Hay $ (\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})^2 \geq 2.(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})$
Suy ra $2.\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2} \geq 2.(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})$
Hay $\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2} \geq (\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x})(đpcm)$
Dấu $=$ xảy ra $⇔x=y$