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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(4x^2+2y^2+2z^2-4xy-4xz+2yz-6y-10z+34=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (4x^2-4xy+y^2)+2z^2+y^2-2z(2x-y)-6y-10z+34=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (2x-y)^2-2z(2x-y)+z^2+(y^2-6y+9)+(z^2-10z+25)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (2x-y-z)^2+(y-3)^2+(z-5)^2=0\)
Vì \((2x-y-z)^2; (y-3)^2; (z-5)^2\geq 0, \forall x,y,z\). Do đó để \((2x-y-z)^2+(y-3)^2+(z-5)^2=0\) thì:
\((2x-y-z)^2=(y-3)^2=(z-5)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=4\\ y=3\\ z=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó:
\(S=(4-4)^{2018}+(3-4)^{2019}+(5-4)^{2020}=0+(-1)+1=0\)
Ta có : \(4x^2+2y^2+2z^2-4xy-4xz+2yz-6y-10z+34=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+y^2+z^2-4xy-4xz+2yz\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(z^2-10z+25\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y-z\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+\left(z-5\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x-y-z\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z-5\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}\Rightarrow VT\ge0}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x-y-z=0\\y-3=0\\z-5=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x=y+z\\y=3\\z=5\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=3\\z=5\end{cases}}}\)
Khi đó \(P=\left(4-4\right)^{2018}+\left(3-4\right)^{2018}+\left(5-4\right)^{2018}\)
\(=0+\left(-1\right)^{2018}+1^{2018}\)
\(=2\)
\(\left(3x+4y\right)^2-4\left(x-2y\right)^2=\left(3x+4y\right)^2-\left(2x-4y\right)^2=5x\left(x+8y\right)\)
\(25\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-\left(5x-2\right)^2=25x^2-25y^2-25x^2+20x-4=-25y^2+20x-4\)
\(4x^2+12x+2018=4x^2+12x+9+2009=\left(2x+3\right)^2+2009\ge0+2009=2009\Rightarrow GTNNla:2009\Leftrightarrow2x+3=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-3}{2}\)
\(5x^2-4xy+y^2-6x+13=\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+4=\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+4\ge4\Rightarrow GTNNla:4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=3;y=6\)
\(G=x^2-2xy+2y^2+2x-10y+17\\ \\ =x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2+2x-2y-8y+1+16\\ \\ =\left(x^2+y^2+1-2xy+2x-2y\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)\\ \\ =\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2\)
Do \(\left(x-y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\left(y-4\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow G=\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y+1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-4\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+1=0\\y-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y-1\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(G_{\left(Min\right)}=0\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=x^2+2xy+y^2-2x-2y\\ =x^2+2xy+y^2-2x-2y+1-1\\ =\left(x^2+y^2+1+2xy-2x-2y\right)-1\\ \\ =\left(x+y-1\right)^2-1\)
Do \(\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\left(x+y-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\forall x;y\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi:
\(\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y=1\)
Vậy \(H_{\left(Min\right)}=-1\) khi \(x+y=1\)
b) 4x^2+y^2-20x-2y+26=0;
(4x^2-20x+25)+(y^2-2y+1)=(2x-5)^2+(y-1)^2=0
<=>x=5/2; y=1
Có x^2 + 2xy + 4x + 4y + 2y^2 + 3 = 0
--> (x+y)^2 + 4(x+y) + 4+ y^2 - 1 = 0
--> (x+y+2)^2 + y^2 = 1
-->(x+y+2)^2 <= 1 ( vì y^2 >=1)
--> -1 <= x+y+2 <=1
--> 2015 <= x+y+2018 <= 2017
hay 2015 <= Q , dau bang xay ra khi x+y+2=-1 --> x+y=-3
Q<=2017, dau bang xay ra khi x+y+2=1 --> x+y=-1
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của Q là 2015 khi x+y =-3
giá trị lớn nhất của Q là 2017 khi x+y=-1
1. x2-4xy + 5y2 = 100\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+y^2=100\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+y^2=0+10^2=6^2+8^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\int^{x-2y=0}_{y=10}\)
hoặc \(\int^{x-2y=10}_{y=0}\) hoặc \(\int^{x-2y=6}_{y=8}\) hoặc \(\int^{x-2y=8}_{y=6}\)
từ đó ta tìm được (x;y)= ( 20;10);(10;0) ; ( 24;6) ; ( 20; 6)
2. 4x2 + 2y2 - 4xy + 20x - 6y + 29 = 0 \(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x\left(y-5\right)+\left(y^2-10y+25\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x\left(y-5\right)+\left(y-5\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y+5\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\int^{2x-y+5=0}_{y+2=0}\Leftrightarrow\int^{x=\frac{-7}{2}}_{y=-2}\) loại vì x, y nguyên
vậy phương trình đã cho không có nghiệm nguyên