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\(\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2=\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)-1\)
\(=\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+1}+\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)-1\)( vì xy=1)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+1}.\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)}-1\)(áp dụng bđt cô si )
\(=2\sqrt{4}-1=3\)
---> đpcm
Ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-2+4-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+1\right)-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+2\right)\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Đến đây có 2 cách giải quyết
Cách 1:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{xy}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{x^2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left[\left(x-\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]}{x^2y^2}\ge0\left(true!!!\right)\)
Cách 2 là đặt ẩn:)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\ge2\)
Khi đó ta có:
\(\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\ge2\Rightarrow t+1>0;t-2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\le-2\Rightarrow t+1< 0;t-2< 0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)>0\)
=> đpcm
\(T=21\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)+3\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{x}{9}\right)+21\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{y}{9}\right)+\frac{62x}{9}+\frac{2y}{3}\)
\(\ge6\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}\cdot\frac{x}{9}}+42\sqrt{\frac{1}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{9}}+\frac{62\cdot3}{9}+\frac{2\cdot3}{9}\)
\(=\frac{112}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại x=3;y=3
Bđt tương đương:
\(\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\ge\frac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy}{x^2y^2}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\frac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2y^2}\right]\ge0\)(luôn đúng do \(x,y\ne0\))
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=a\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2=a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+2=a^2\)
Dễ dàng chứng minh được: \(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\ge2\)nên \(a^2\ge4\)\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x\ge2\\x\le-2\end{cases}}\left(1\right)\)
Ta thấy: bđt tương đương với \(a^2-2+4\ge3a\Leftrightarrow a^2-3a+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a\ge2\\a\le1\end{cases}}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) suy ra (2) . Vậy bài toán được chứng minh
Ta có \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\)
Xét \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
<=> \(x^3\ge\left(2018^2-2.2018.x+x^2\right)\left(x-\frac{1009}{2}\right)\)
<=> \(x^3\ge x^3-x^2\left(\frac{1009}{2}+2018.2\right)+x\left(2018.1009+2018^2\right)-\frac{2018^2.1009}{2}\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}x^2-6.1009^2.x+2018.1009^2\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}\left(x^2-\frac{2.2018}{3}.x+\left(\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}\left(x-\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng)
=> \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
Khi đó \(VT\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}+y-\frac{1009}{2}+z-\frac{1009}{2}=2018-\frac{3}{2}.1009=\frac{1009}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2018}{3}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\)
xét \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
<=> \(x^3\ge\left(x^2-2.2018.x+2018^2\right)\left(x-\frac{1009}{2}\right)\)
<=> \(x^3\ge x^3-x^2\left(\frac{1009}{2}+2.2018\right)+x\left(2018^2+1009.2018\right)-\frac{2018^2.1009}{2}\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}x^2-6.1009^2.x+2018.1009^2\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}.\left(x-\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng)
=> \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge x+y+z-\frac{3.1009}{2}=\frac{1009}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2018}{3}\)
Thế \(x=2,x=\frac{1}{2}\)thì được
\(\hept{\begin{cases}f\left(2\right)+3f\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=4\\f\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)+3f\left(2\right)=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}f\left(2\right)=-\frac{13}{32}\\f\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{47}{32}\end{cases}}\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: xy ≤ (x + y)²/4 = 1/4, dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = 1/2
P = (x² + 1/y²)(y² + 1/x²) = (xy)² + 1 + 1 + 1/(xy)²
= (xy)² + 1/[256(xy)²] + 255/[256(xy)²] + 2
ta có:
(xy)² + 1/[256(xy)²] ≥ 2 √(1/256) = 1/8. dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = 1/2
255/[256(xy)²] + 2 ≥ 255/(256.1/16) + 2 = 287/16. dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = 1/2
cộng theo vế → P ≥ 1/8 + 287/16 = 289/16
vậy GTNN của P là 289/16, đạt được khi x = y = 1/2
\(A=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\)
\(=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)
\(=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2-2\)
\(=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{3}{4}2xy-2\)
\(=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{3}{2}-2\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy:
\(A\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}2\sqrt{x^2y^2}+\frac{3}{2}-2\)
\(A\ge2+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}-2\)
\(A\ge3\)