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tiếp tục câu 2,vì máy bị lỗi nên phải tách ra:
Ta có:\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(xy+xz+yz\right)\right).\)
Dó đó:\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2010\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2010\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3.\)(2)
TỪ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\)suy ra \(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{2010}}{3}\)
2)Ta có:
\(x\left(x^2-yz+2010\right)=x\left(x^2+xy+xz+1340\right)>0\)
Tương tự ta có:\(y\left(y^2-xz+2010\right)>0,z\left(z^2-xy+2010\right)>0\)
Áp dụng svac-xơ ta có:
\(P=\frac{x^2}{x\left(x^2-yz+2010\right)}+\frac{y^2}{y\left(y^2-xz+2010\right)}+\frac{z^2}{z\left(z^2-xy+2010\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2010\left(x+y+z\right)}.\)(1)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\frac{1-\sqrt{x-2009}}{x-2009}+\frac{1-\sqrt{y-2010}}{y-2010}+\frac{1-\sqrt{z-2011}}{z-2011}=-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x-2009}-\frac{\sqrt{x-2009}}{x-2009}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y-2010}-\frac{\sqrt{y-2010}}{y-2010}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{z-2011}-\frac{\sqrt{z-2011}}{z-2011}+\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x-2009}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2009}}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y-2010}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2010}}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{z-2011}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{z-2011}}+\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2009}}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2010}}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z-2011}}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
Xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2009}}=\frac{1}{2}\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2010}}=\frac{1}{2}\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{z-2011}}=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-2009}=2\\\sqrt{y-2010}=2\\\sqrt{z-2011}=2\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2013\\y=2014\\z=2015\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si ngược dấu :
\(\sqrt{x-2010}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4\left(x-2010\right)}\le\frac{4+\left(x-2010\right)}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-2010}-1\le\frac{4+\left(x-2010\right)}{4}-1=\frac{x-2010}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x-2010}-1}{x-2010}\le\frac{1}{4}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với những phân thức còn lại
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x-2010}-1}{x-2010}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2011}-1}{y-2011}\le\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2010=4\\x-2011=4\\z-2012=4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2014\\y=2015\\z=2016\end{cases}}}\)
tương tự Câu hỏi của Hoàng Gia Anh Vũ - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Đặt: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-2009}=a\\\sqrt{y-2010}=b\\\sqrt{z-2011}=c\end{cases}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b^2}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{c}+\frac{3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b^2}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Thay vào tìm x;y;z
Đặt: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-2009}=a\\\sqrt{y-2010}=b\\\sqrt{z-2011}=c\end{cases}}\)
Ta có: \frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{3}{4}=0a1−a21+b1−b21+c1−c21−43=0
\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b^2}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{c}+\frac{3}{4}=0⇔a21−a1+b21−b1+c21−c1+43=0
\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b^2}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{4}\right)=0⇔(a21−a1+41)+(b21−b1+41)+(c21−c1+41)=0
\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0⇔(a1−21)2+(b1−21)2+(c1−21)2=0
\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}⇔a=b=c=21
Thay vào tìm x;y;z
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=\frac{\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{xy}}\\\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=\frac{\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{xz}}\\\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{xy}}\end{cases}\left(2\right)}\)
\(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right).\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right).\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)=\frac{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right).\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right).\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{zyzxxy}}\left(3\right)\)\(Từ\left(3\right)\)Ta sẽ chứng minh được rằng \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\x.y.z=1\end{cases}}\)
Từ \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{2010}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{1}{2010}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2010x-xy+2010y-2010^2=-2010^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(2010-y\right)+2010\left(y-2010\right)=-2010^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2010\right)\left(y-2010\right)=2010^2\)
Ta có \(\left(\sqrt{x-2010}+\sqrt{y-2010}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-2010\right)+\left(y-2010\right)+2\sqrt{\left(x-2010\right)\left(y-2010\right)}\)
\(=x+y-2.2010+2\sqrt{2010^2}=x+y\)
Do đó \(x+y=\left(\sqrt{x-2010}+\sqrt{y-2010}\right)^2\)
mà x, y > 0 nên \(\sqrt{x+y}=\sqrt{x-2010}+\sqrt{y-2010}\)