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\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\)
Suy ra xy+yz+zx=0
Ta có: \(x^2+2yz=x^2+yz+yz=x^2+yz-xy-xz=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
tương tự \(y^2+2xz=\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\)
\(z^2+2xy=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
thay vào A ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{xz}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{\left(z-y\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)
\(A=-\dfrac{xy\left(x-y\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)+zx\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
\(A=\frac{yz}{x^2+yz+-xy-xz}+\frac{xz}{y^2+zx-xy-yz}+\frac{xy}{z^2+xy-xz-yz}\)
\(A=\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(z-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}=1\)
x + y + z = 0
=> x + y = -z
<=> (x + y)^3 = (-z)^3
<=> x^3 + 3x^2y + 3xy^2 + y^3 = -z^3
<=> x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = -3x^2y - 3xy^2
<=> x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = -3xy(x+y)
<=> x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = -3xy(-z)
<=> x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = 3xyz
⇔\(\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}=3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xy}=3\Rightarrow P=3\)
from giả thiết => x+y+z=xyz
biến đổi như sau:\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz+x^2yz}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz+x\left(x+y+z\right)}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
=\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)\)
bình phương cả 2 vế ta được
\(A^2=\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}+2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\)
\(A^2=\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}+2\) (vì x^2 +y^2 +z^2 =1)
Áp dụng BĐT cô si cho 2 số
\(\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}\ge2y^2\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}\ge2z^2\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}\ge2x^2\left(3\right)\)
(1)+(2)+(3)
=> \(2\left(\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}\right)\ge2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
<=> \(\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}\ge1\)
Cộng 2 vào cả 2 vế ta đc
\(A^2\ge3\)
<=> \(\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Vậy Min A= \(\sqrt{3}\) khi x=y=z =\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Lời giải khác:
Đặt \((\frac{xy}{z}; \frac{yz}{x}; \frac{xz}{y})\mapsto (a,b,c)\)
\(\Rightarrow (x^2,y^2,z^2)=(ac,ab,bc)\)
Bài toán trở thành tìm min của $A=a+b+c$ biết $ab+bc+ac=1$ và $a,b,c>0$
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM:
\(A^2=(a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\geq \sqrt{3}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=\sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng bđt Schwarz:
\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+2yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^2+2xz}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^2+2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+2yz+y^2+2xz+z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=1\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+2yz}=\dfrac{y^2}{y^2+2xz}=\dfrac{z^2}{z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
vậy P đạt GTNN bằng 1 <=> x=y=z=1
Bài 2:
\(x\ge4\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\ge16\left(1\right)\\\dfrac{18}{\sqrt{x}}\ge9\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
cộng theo vế (1) và (2), ta được: \(x^2+\dfrac{18}{\sqrt{x}}\ge25\) hay \(S\ge25\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\Leftrightarrow yz=-xy-xz\)
Ta có \(x^2+2yz=x^2+yz-xy-xz=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
Tương tự \(y^2+2xz=\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right);z^2-2xy=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2xz}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{xz}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{-yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(z-x\right)-xy\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{-yz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(x-y\right)-xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)\left(xz-yz\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(xz-xy\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=1\)
1/x+1/y+1/z=0⇔xy+yz+zx=0
⇒yz=−xy−zx⇒yz/x^2+2yz=yz/x^2+yz−xy−zx
=yz/(x−y)(x−z)
Tương tự: xz/y^2+2xz=xz/(y−x)(y−z)
; xy/z^2+2xy=xy/(x−z)(y−z)
⇒A=−yz(y−z)−zx(z−x)−xy(x−y)/(x−y)(y−z)(z−x)=1