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Câu 2:
Vì G là trọng tâm nên \(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
hay \(\overrightarrow{GC}=-\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{GC}=-\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}=-\overrightarrow{a}-2\overrightarrow{b}\)
=>m=-1; n=-2
\(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow-2\left(\overrightarrow{GA}.\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GB}.\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GC}.\overrightarrow{GA}\right)=GA^2+GB^2+GC^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{GA}.\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GB}.\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GC}.\overrightarrow{GA}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{3}m_a^2+\frac{2}{3}m_b^2+\frac{2}{3}m_c^2\right)\)
\(=-\frac{1}{6}\left(AB^2+BC^2+CA^2\right)\)
Hình như đề bài sai dấu?
Kéo dài AG lấy E sao cho AG=GE
\(2\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{GE}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{GI}=\overrightarrow{IA}\Rightarrow6\overrightarrow{GI}=3\overrightarrow{GA}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}+3\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{GE}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
Ta đã biết nếu G' là trọng tâm tam giác ABC thì:
\(\overrightarrow{G'A}+\overrightarrow{G'B}+\overrightarrow{G'C}=\overrightarrow{0}\).
Gỉa sử có điểm G thỏa mãn: \(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\).
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(G\equiv G'\).
Thật vậy:
\(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\overrightarrow{GG'}+\overrightarrow{G'A}+\overrightarrow{G'B}+\overrightarrow{G'C}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\overrightarrow{GG'}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{GG'}=\overrightarrow{0}\).
Vậy \(G\equiv G'\).
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}\)
\(\overrightarrow{GC}=0-\overrightarrow{GA}-\overrightarrow{GB}=-\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{GC}=-\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}=-\overrightarrow{a}-2\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{CG}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{a}=2\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(S=\overrightarrow{GA}.\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GB}.\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GC}.\overrightarrow{GA}\)
\(0=\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)^2=GA^2+GB^2+GC^2+2S\Rightarrow S=-\dfrac{GA^2+GB^2+GC^2}{2}\)
\(GA^2+GB^2+GC^2=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(m_a^2+m_b^2+m_c^2\right)\\ =\dfrac{4}{9}\left(\dfrac{2AB^2+2AC^2-BC^2+2BC^2+2AC^2-AB^2+2AB^2+2BC^2-AC^2}{4}\right)\\ =\dfrac{AB^2+AC^2+BC^2}{3}=\dfrac{29}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=-\dfrac{29}{6}\)
\(\text{Theo tính chất trọng tâm }:\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=0\\ \Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\cdot2\overrightarrow{GC'}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot2\overrightarrow{GB'}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot2\overrightarrow{GA'}=0\\ \Rightarrow\overrightarrow{GC'}+\overrightarrow{GB'}+\overrightarrow{GA'}=0\)