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Xét biểu thức \(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{abc+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{\left(abc+ab+bc+ca\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{4+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8}\)(Do \(ab+bc+ca+abc=4\)theo giả thiết)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12}=1\)(***)
Với x,y dương ta có 2 bất đẳng thức phụ sau:
\(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)(*)
\(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)(**)
Áp dụng (*) và (**), ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le\frac{1}{a+b+4}=\frac{1}{\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}\right)\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+4}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\right)\)(2)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+4}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c+2}+\frac{1}{a+2}\right)\)(3)
Cộng từng vế của các bất đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được:
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)(theo (***))
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 1 :
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}\frac{z}{4}}=\left|x-1\right|=1-x\)
\(\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{x}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}\frac{x}{4}}=\left|y-1\right|=1-y\)
\(\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}\frac{y}{4}}=\left|z-1\right|=1-z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{z}{4}+\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{x}{4}+\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\ge1-x+1-y+1-z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}\ge3-\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{x+y+z}{4}=3-2-\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(A=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
a) \(A=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2=2a+2b\le2\)
Vậy GTLN của A là 2 \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}\\a+b=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}}\)
b) Ta có : \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^4=2\left(a^2+b^2+6ab\right)\)
Tương tự : \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+c^2+6ac\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+d^2+6ad\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\le2\left(b^2+c^2+6bc\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(b^2+d^2+6bd\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(c^2+d^2+6cd\right)\)
Cộng các vế lại, ta được :
\(B\le6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bd+2cd+2bc\right)=6\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le6\)
Vậy GTLN của B là 6 \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{c}=\sqrt{d}\\a+b+c+d=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{9}{4}=\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+2\right)^2\ge9\Leftrightarrow a+b+2\ge3\Leftrightarrow a+b\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Mincopxki , ta có : \(\sqrt{1+a^4}+\sqrt{1+b^4}\ge\sqrt{\left(1^2+1^2\right)^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{4+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^4}\ge\sqrt{\frac{17}{4}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy minP = \(\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+a+b+ab=\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow a+b+ab=\frac{5}{4}\)
Áp dụng Bđt Cô si ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(2\left(a^2+\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge2a;2\left(b^2+\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge2b\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+1\ge2\left(a+b+ab\right)=\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta cũng có:
\(P\ge\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{4+\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt: \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
Ta có:
\(S=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{y}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{z}.\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{z}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{1+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{1+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{1+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{z+x}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(1+1+1\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(B=2\Sigma_{sym}\sqrt{ab}+3\left(a+b+c+d\right)\le6\left(a+b+c+d\right)\le6\)
\(P=\sqrt{a\left(b+1\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{2a\left(b+1\right)}+\sqrt{2b\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(2a+b+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(2b+a+1\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(3a+3b+2\right)\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(3.2+2\right)=4\)
\(\Rightarrow p\le2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu"=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Vậy Max P \(=2\sqrt{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Dễ thấy \(\left(\sqrt{1+a^2}-\sqrt{1-a^2}\right)^2=2-2\sqrt{1-a^4}\) nên đặt \(\sqrt{1+a^2}-\sqrt{1-a^2}=t\) thì
\(GT\Leftrightarrow\frac{2-t^2}{2}+\left(b-1\right)t+b-4\le0\)\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-2\left(b-1\right)t-2b+6\ge0\)
Coi đây là Pt ẩn t , dễ thấy hệ số của \(t^2\)và tam thức bậc 2 ẩn t cùng dấu . Do đó \(\Delta'\le0\)
---> tự giải
cho x,y,z>0 chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{xy}{x^2+yz+zx}+\frac{yz}{y^2+zx+xy}+\frac{zx}{z^2+xy+yz}\le\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xy+xz+zx}\)