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\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\left(a^2+1\right)+2b+2}\le\sum\dfrac{a}{2\left(a+b+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
1)
\(2a+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{16}{a+2}=\left(a+\frac{4}{a}\right)+\left[\left(a+2\right)+\frac{16}{a+2}\right]-2\ge4+8-2=10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=2
2)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a\left(1-4a\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4a\left(1-4a\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4a+1-4a}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{b\left(1-4b\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4\left(1-4a\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4b+1-4b}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{c\left(1-4c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4c\left(1-4c\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4c+1-4c}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a\left(1-4a\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(1-4b\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(1-4c\right)}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{8}\)
Áp dụng cosi ta có \(a.a.a.b.b\le\frac{3a^5+2b^5}{5};b.b.b.a.a\le\frac{3b^5+2a^5}{5}\)
=> \(a^5+b^5\ge a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)\)
Khi đó
\(VT\le\frac{1}{ab\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{1}{bc\sqrt{b+c}}+\frac{1}{ac\sqrt{a+c}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki ta có :
\((\frac{1}{ab\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{1}{bc\sqrt{b+c}}+\frac{1}{ac\sqrt{a+c}})^2\le\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{b^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(b+c\right)}+...\right)\)
Mà 1/a^2+1/b^2+1/c^2=1(giả thiết)
=> \(VT\le VP\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=can(3)
Cách khác:
Ta chứng minh BĐT mạnh hơn sau đây: \(4\left(x+y+z\right)^3\ge27\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xyz\right)\) (sorry em quen gõ x, y, z rồi nha!)
Do a, b, c có vai trò hoán vị vòng quanh, không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử:
Hướng 1:
\(x=mid\left\{x,y,z\right\}\)
\(VT-VP=\left(4y+4z+x\right)\left(y+z-2x\right)^2-27y\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\ge0\)
Hướng 2:
\(y=\min\left\{\,x,\,y,\,z\right\}\)
\(VT-VP=\frac{27y(y-z)^2 + (4x+16z -11y)(y+z-2x)^2}{4} \geq 0\)
P/s: Đây là câu 2 trong chuyên mục của em: Câu hỏi của tth - Toán lớp 9, đã có đáp án.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;\frac{1}{3};\frac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ \(VT=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(VT\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\sum\dfrac{1}{2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{y^2}{2x^2+y^2}=\sum\dfrac{y^4}{2x^2y^2+y^4}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}=1\)
[???]
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM, ta có:
\(a^2+2b^2+3\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+2\)
\(\ge2ab+2b+2\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(b^2+2c^2+3\ge2bc+2c+2\) và \(c^2+2a^2+3\ge2ac+2a+2\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2ab+2b+2}+\dfrac{1}{2bc+2c+2}+\dfrac{1}{2ac+2a+2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{bc+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{ac+a+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{abc}{bc+c+abc}+\dfrac{abc}{ac+a^2bc+abc}\right)\) (Thay abc = 1)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{ab}{b+1+ab}+\dfrac{b}{1+ab+b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\times\dfrac{1+ab+b}{ab+b+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}=VP\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Ta có \(a\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b\ge a^2+ab-a\)
Tương tự \(b^2c\ge b^2+bc-b;c^2a\ge c^2+ca-a\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+1\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca-a-b-c+1\)\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+abc\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Hay \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+1\)