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f(x) = x4 + 6x3 +11x2 + 6x
\(=x^4+x^3+5x^3+5x^2+6x^2+6x\)
\(=\left(x^4+x^3\right)+\left(5x^3+5x^2\right)+\left(6x^2+6x\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(x+1\right)+5x^2\left(x+1\right)+6x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+5x^2+6x\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left[x^2+2x+3x+6\right]\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left[\left(x^2+2x\right)+\left(3x+6\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
b)Ta có
\(f\left(x\right)+1=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)+1\)
\(=\left[x\left(x+3\right)\right].\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\right]+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x\right).\left(x^2 +3x+2\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x+1-1\right).\left(x^2+3x+1+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left[\left(x^2+3x+1\right)-1\right].\left[\left(x^2+3x+1\right)+1\right]+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x+1\right)^2-1+1=\left(x^2+3x+1\right)^2\)
Vậy với mọi x nguyên thì f(x) + 1 luôn có giá trị là 1 số chính phương
Đặt \(m=3k+r\)với \(0\le r\le2\) \(n=3t+s\)với \(0\le s\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^m+x^n+1=x^{3k+r}+x^{3t+s}+1=x^{3k}+x^r-x^r+x^{3t}x^s-x^s+x^r+x^s+1\)
\(=x^r\left(x^{3k}-1\right)+x^s\left(x^{3t}-1\right)+x^r+x^s+1\)
Ta thấy : \(\left(x^{3k}-1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)và \(\left(x^{3t}-1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
Vậy : \(\left(x^m+x^n+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^r+x^s+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)với \(0\le r;s\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}r=2\\r=1\end{cases}}\)và\(\hept{\begin{cases}s=1\\s=2\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=3k+2\\m=3k+1\end{cases}}\)và\(\hept{\begin{cases}n=3t+1\\n=3t+2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}mn-2=\left(3k+2\right)\left(3t+1\right)-2=9kt+3k+6t=3\left(3kt+k+2t\right)\\mn-2=\left(3k+1\right)\left(3t+2\right)-2=9kt+6k+3t=3\left(3kt+2k+t\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(mn-2\right)⋮3\)Điều phải chứng minh
Áp dụng : \(m=7;n=2\Rightarrow mn-2=12:3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^7+x^2+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^7+x^2+1\right):\left(x^2+x+1\right)=x^5+x^4+x^2+x+1\)
1) bạn ktra lại đề
2) \(x^6+2x^5+x^4-2x^3-2x^2+1=\left(x^3+x^2-1\right)^2\)
3)
a) \(x^2+x-2=0\)
<=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\x+2=0\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy...
b) \(3x^2+5x-8=0\)
<=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(3x+8\right)=0\)
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-\frac{8}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy...