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\(S=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)
\(< 1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(=1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(=2-\frac{1}{2012}< 2\)
mà \(S>1\)
do đó ta có đpcm.
`Answer:`
1. \(S=\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{80}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+...+\frac{1}{80}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\left(\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{80}+...+\frac{1}{80}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S>20.\frac{1}{60}+20.\frac{1}{80}\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{7}{12}\)
2. \(S=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2009^2}\)
Ta có:
\(2^2< 1.2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(3^2< 2.3\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
\(4^2< 3.4\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4^2}< \frac{1}{3.4}\)
...
\(2009^2< 2008.2009\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2009^2}< \frac{1}{2008.2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2008.2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2008}-\frac{1}{2009}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1-\frac{1}{2009}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1\)
3. \(\frac{3}{5.8}+\frac{11}{8.19}+\frac{12}{19.31}+\frac{70}{31.101}+\frac{99}{101.200}\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{31}-\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{101}-\frac{1}{200}\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{200}\)
\(=\frac{39}{200}\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2024^2}\)
+, Ta thấy:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)
\(...\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2024^2}< \dfrac{1}{2023.2024}\)
Suy ra: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2024^2}\)
\(< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2023.2024}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2023}-\dfrac{1}{2024}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2024}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1\) (1)
+, Lại có: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}>0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}>0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}>0\)
\(...\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2024^2}>0\)
Suy ra: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2024^2}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow S>0\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow0< S< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\) S không phải là số tự nhiên
$Toru$