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nham. thuc ra
áp dụng bdt cô si ta có
\(\frac{a^4}{b\left(c+a\right)^2}+b>=\frac{a^2}{c+a}\)
cm tương tự
do do P+a+b+c>=\(\frac{a^2}{c+a}+\frac{b^2}{a+b}+\frac{c^2}{b+c}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức bunhiacopxki ta có
\(\frac{a^2}{c+a}+\frac{b^2}{a+b}+\frac{c^2}{b+c}>=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{12}{2}=6\)
=>P>=-6
dau = xay ra<=>
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a^4}{b\left(c+a\right)^2}=b\\\frac{b^4}{c\left(a+b\right)^2}=c\end{cases}}va\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{c^4}{a\left(b+c\right)^2}=c\\\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{a^2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b^2}=\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{c^2}\\a+b+c=12\end{cases}}\)
<=>a=b=c=4(tm)
Sử dụng AM - GM ta dễ có:
\(abc\left(a+b+c\right)=bc\left(a^2+ab+ac\right)\le\left(\frac{a^2+ab+bc+ca}{2}\right)^2=\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}\right]^2=\frac{1}{4}\)
Suy ra đpcm
\(P=\frac{bc}{2ab+ac}+\frac{ca}{2ab+bc}+\frac{4ab}{bc+ca}\)
Xét \(Q=P+3=\frac{bc}{2ab+ac}+1+\frac{ca}{2ab+bc}+1+\frac{4ab}{bc+ca}+1\)
\(Q=\frac{2ab+ac+bc}{2ab+ac}+\frac{2ab+ac+bc}{2ab+bc}+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}\)
\(=\left(2ab+ac+bc\right)\left(\frac{1}{2ab+ac}+\frac{1}{2ab+bc}\right)+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\left(2ab+ac+bc\right)\frac{4}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}=K\)(Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)với a, b không âm)
\(K=\frac{2\left(4ab+ac+bc\right)+2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\)\(+\frac{7\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\)
\(=2+\left[\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\right]+\frac{7}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)
\(\ge2+2\sqrt{\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}.\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}}+\frac{7}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm)
\(=\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)
Mặt khác: \(6=2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\right)=\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{a^2b^2}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}\)\(\ge\frac{2.2ab}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)}{a^2b^2}=4+\frac{ac+bc}{ab}\)(theo BĐT \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\))
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ac+bc}{ab}\le2\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow K\ge\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4}{2}=\frac{17}{3}\)
Ta có \(Q=P+3\ge K\ge\frac{17}{3}\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{17}{3}-3=\frac{8}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}2ab+ac=2ab+bc\\\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}=\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\\a=b\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Từ \(2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\right)=6\Rightarrow6=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\)
ta có \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow6=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\ge\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+4\)
\(\Rightarrow0< \frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\le2\)
Lại có
\(\frac{bc}{a\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b\left(2a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{abc\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(ac\right)^2}{abc\left(2a+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(bc+ac\right)^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left[c\left(a+b\right)\right]^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
và \(abc\left(a+b+c\right)=ab\cdot bc+bc\cdot ba+ab\cdot ca\le\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b\left(2a+c\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}{1+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}\right)^2\)
Đặt \(t=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3t^2}{2\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}\left(0< t\le2\right)\)
Có \(\frac{3t^2}{2\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}=\left(\frac{3t^2}{\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}-\frac{8}{3}\right)+\frac{8}{3}=\frac{-7t^2-8t^2+32t+24}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{8}{3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(-7t^2-22t-12\right)}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}\ge0\forall t\in(0;2]\)
=> \(\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(-7t^2-22t-12\right)}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{8}{3}\ge\frac{8}{3}\forall t\in(0;2]\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> t=2 hay a=b=c
- Theo giả thiết a,b>0a,b>0 nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si ta được
a^4+b^2\ge2a^2b\Rightarrow a^4+2ab^2+b^2\ge2a^2b+2ab^2a4+b2≥2a2b⇒a4+2ab2+b2≥2a2b+2ab2
\Rightarrow a^4+2ab^2+b^2\ge2ab\left(a+b\right)⇒a4+2ab2+b2≥2ab(a+b)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^4+2ab^2+b^2}\le\frac{1}{2ab\left(a+b\right)}⇒a4+2ab2+b21≤2ab(a+b)1, (đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=ba=b)
- Tương tự \frac{1}{a^2+2a^2b+b^4}\le\frac{1}{2ab\left(a+b\right)}a2+2a2b+b41≤2ab(a+b)1 , (đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=ba=b)
- Từ đó Q\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)}Q≤ab(a+b)1
- Giả thiết \left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-1\right)=a^2+b^2(a+b)(a+b−1)=a2+b2 tương đương với a+b=2ab\Leftrightarrow ab=\frac{a+b}{2}a+b=2ab⇔ab=2a+b(*)
- Do đó Q\le\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}Q≤(a+b)22
- Mà ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}ab≤4(a+b)2 nên \frac{a+b}{2}\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow a+b\ge22a+b≤4(a+b)2⇒a+b≥2 (do giả thiết a,b>0a,b>0 ).
- Vì vậy Q\le\frac{2}{2^2}Q≤222
GTNN là \frac{1}{2}21 đạt khi và chỉ khi \left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a+b=2\end{matrix}\right.{a=ba+b=2\Leftrightarrow a=b=1⇔a=b=1
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a^4+b^2+2ab^2\ge2\sqrt{a^4b^2}+2ab^2=2a^2b+2ab^2\)
\(b^4+a^2+2a^2b\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^4}+2a^2b=2ab^2+2a^2b\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\dfrac{1}{2a^2b+2ab^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab^2+2a^2b}\)
Lại có: \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-1\right)=a^2+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab-a+b^2-b=a^2+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab=a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab\ge1\\a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó \(Q\le\dfrac{1}{2a^2b+2ab^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab^2+2a^2b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
\(\text{⋄}\)Dễ có: \(B\ge\left(3+\frac{4}{a+b}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{b+c}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\text{⋄}\)Đặt \(b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)thì \(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{z+x-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
Giả thiết được viết lại thành: \(x+y+z\le3\)và ta cần tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của \(\left(3+\frac{4}{x}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{y}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{z}\right)\)
\(\text{⋄}\)Ta có: \(\left(3+\frac{4}{x}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{y}\right)\left(3+\frac{4}{z}\right)=27+36\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+48\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)+\frac{64}{xyz}\)\(\ge27+36.\frac{9}{x+y+z}+48.\frac{27}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+64.\frac{27}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}\ge343\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1 hay a = b = c = 1/2
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-1\right)=a^2+b^2\)
=> \(2ab=a+b\)
Mà \(2ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\)
=> \(a+b\ge2\)
Ta có
\(a^4+b^2\ge2a^2b\)
\(b^4+a^2\ge2ab^2\)
Khi đó \(Q\le\frac{1}{2ab\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2ab\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le\frac{2}{2^2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MaxQ=\frac{1}{2}\)khi a=b=1
Bài 2: Ta có: x, y, z không âm và \(x+y+z=\frac{3}{2}\)nên \(0\le x\le\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow2-x>0\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM dạng \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\), ta được: \(x+2xy+4xyz=x+4xy\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\right)\le x+4x.\frac{\left(y+z+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}{4}=x+x\left(2-x\right)^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(x+x\left(2-x\right)^2\le2\Leftrightarrow\left(2-x\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1,\frac{1}{2},0\right)\)
Bài 3: Áp dụng đánh giá quen thuộc \(4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\), ta có: \(2\le\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Đặt x + y = t thì ta được: \(t^3+t^2-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+2t+2\right)\ge0\Rightarrow t\ge1\)(dễ thấy \(t^2+2t+2>0\forall t\))
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=3\left(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1=3\left[\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2\right]-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\ge\frac{9}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\)\(=\frac{9}{4}\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\right]-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}\ge\frac{9}{4}.2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2.\frac{1}{4}}-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{9}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}\ge\frac{1}{8}+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{9}{16}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1/2
\(\frac{b\left(2a-b\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c\left(2b-c\right)}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a\left(2c-a\right)}{c\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[2-\frac{b\left(2a-b\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}\right]+\left[2-\frac{c\left(2b-c\right)}{b\left(c+a\right)}\right]+\left[2-\frac{a\left(2c-a\right)}{c\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b^2+2ca}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2+2ab}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2+2bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz, ta có :
\(\frac{b^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)( 1 )
\(\frac{ac}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{c^2}{c\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a^2}{a\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b\left(a+b\right)}\) ( 2 )
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\)
Cộng ( 1 ) với ( 2 ), ta được :
\(\frac{b^2+2ca}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2+2ab}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2+2bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\frac{1}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}+\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\frac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac\right)}\right)=\frac{9}{2}\)
không biết cách này ổn không
Ta có : \(\frac{b\left(2a-b\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{2-\frac{b}{a}}{\frac{c}{b}+1}\) ; tương tự :...
đặt \(\frac{a}{c}=x;\frac{b}{a}=y;\frac{c}{b}=z\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(\Sigma\frac{2-y}{z+1}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\Sigma xy^2+2\Sigma x^2+\Sigma xy\ge3\Sigma x+6\)( quy đồng khử mẫu )
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\frac{x}{y}\ge\Sigma x\)( xyz = 1 ) ( luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Có : (a-b)^2 >= 0
<=> a^2+b^2 >= 2ab
<=> 2(a^2+b^2) >= a^2+b^2+2ab = (a+b)^2
<=> a^2+b^2 >= (a+b)^2/2
=> A >= (4^2/2)/4 = 8/4 = 2
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=2
Vậy Min A = 2 <=> a=b=2
Tk mk nha
Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a^2+b^2}{4}\ge2\)