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\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{b+c}{bc}=\dfrac{a+c}{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=c\\a=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay vào M ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a.a+a.a+a.a}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=\dfrac{3a^2}{3a^2}=1\)
theo đề bài ta có:
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc}=\dfrac{abc}{ab+ac}=\dfrac{abc}{bc+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow ac+bc=ab+ac=bc+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=1\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}\)=\(\dfrac{bc}{b+c}\)=\(\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(=>\)\(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\)=\(\dfrac{b+c}{bc}\)=\(\dfrac{c+a}{ca}\)
\(=>\)\(\dfrac{1}{a}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{c}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{c}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(=>\)\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{a}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{c}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{a}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{c}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(=>\)\(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(=>\)a=b=c
Vậy: M=\(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+a^2+a^2}{a^2+a^2+a^2}\)
= 1
\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
Nếu \(a+b+c+d\ne0\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1+1+1+1=4\)
Nếu a + b + c + d = 0 => a + b = -(c + d) ; (b + c) = -(a + d) ; c + d = -(a+b) ; d + a = -(b + c)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)
Vậy M = 4 hoặc M = -4
Do \(a,b,c\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{b+c}{bc}=\dfrac{a+c}{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{ab}+\dfrac{b}{ab}=\dfrac{b}{bc}+\dfrac{c}{bc}=\dfrac{a}{ac}+\dfrac{c}{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=c\\b=a\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a.a+a.a+a.a}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=\dfrac{3a^2}{3a^2}=1\)
a) \(ab=\dfrac{3}{5};bc=\dfrac{4}{5};ca=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab.bc.ca=\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{4}{5}.\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2.b^2.c^2=\dfrac{9}{25}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(abc\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2=\left(-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2\)
+ Khi \(\left(abc\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow abc=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{4}{5}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\b=\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{4}{5}\\c=\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{3}{5}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
+ Khi \(\left(abc\right)^2=\left(-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow abc=-\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\left(-\dfrac{3}{5}\right):\dfrac{4}{5}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\\b=\left(-\dfrac{3}{5}\right):\dfrac{3}{4}=-\dfrac{4}{5}\\c=\left(-\dfrac{3}{5}\right):\dfrac{3}{5}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(a\left(a+b+c\right)=-12;b\left(a+b+c\right)=18;c\left(a+b+c\right)=30\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+b+c\right)+b\left(a+b+c\right)+c\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(-12\right)+18+30\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6^2=\left(-6\right)^2\)
+ Khi \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=6\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\left(-12\right):6=-2\\b=18:6=3\\c=30:6=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
+ Khi \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(-6\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=-6\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\left(-12\right):\left(-6\right)=2\\b=18:\left(-6\right)=-3\\c=30:\left(-6\right)=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(ab=c;bc=4a;ac=9b\)
Kiểm tra lại đề bài xem có thiếu điều kiện không.
Cứ theo khẳng định của Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Linh thì đề c) không thiếu gì. Xin giải tiếp.
c) \(ab=c;bc=4a;ac=9b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab.bc.ac=c.4a.9b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(abc\right)\left(abc\right)=36\left(abc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc=36\)
+ Vì \(ab=c\Leftrightarrow cc=36\Leftrightarrow c^2=6^2=\left(-6\right)^2\)
+ Vì \(bc=4a\Leftrightarrow a.4a=36\Leftrightarrow4a^2=36\Leftrightarrow a^2=9=3^2=\left(-3\right)^2\)
+ Vì \(ac=9b\Leftrightarrow b.9b=36\Leftrightarrow9b^2=36\Leftrightarrow b^2=4=2^2=\left(-2\right)^2\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1=3;a_2=-3\\b_1=2;b_2=-2\\c_1=6;c_2=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
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