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2. Có : 1/x + 1/y + 1/z = 0
=> 1 + x/y + x/z = 0 => x/y + x/z = -1
Tương tự : y/x + y/z = -1 ; z/x + z/y = -1
=> x/y + x/z + y/x + y/z + z/x + z/y = -3
Lại có : 1/x+1/y+1/z = 0
<=> xy+yz+zx/xyz = 0
<=> xy+yz+zx = 0
Xét : 0 = (xy+yz+zx).(1/x^2+1/y^2+1/z^2)
= xy/z^2+xz/y^2+xy/z^2+x/y+y/x+y/z+z/y+z/x+x/z
= xy/z^2+xz/y^2+xy/z^2-3
=> xy/z^2+xz/y^2+xy/z^2 = 3
=> ĐPCM
Tk mk nha
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si ta có:
\(1=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c\ge4a\left(b+c\right)^2\)
Mà \(\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc\)
\(\Rightarrow b+c\ge4a.4bc=16abc\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)với x,y > 0.
Thật vậy: \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)(bđt Cô -si)
và \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)(bđt Cô -si)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\))
Ta có: \(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(2a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b)
Tương tự ta có:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi b=c)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi c=a)
\(VT=\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+b^2}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{2}{3}\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{2}\))
Theo giả thiết: \(\frac{2}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ac}}\Leftrightarrow b^2\le ac\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac}{b^2}\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{2}{b}\Leftrightarrow b\left(a+c\right)=2ac\Leftrightarrow2ac-bc=ab\Leftrightarrow2a-b=\frac{ab}{c}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{2a-b}=\frac{a+b}{\frac{ab}{c}}=\frac{ac+bc}{ab}=\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{a}\)(1)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b+c}{2c-b}=\frac{a}{c}+\frac{a}{b}\)(2)
Cộng từng vế hai đẳng thức (1), (2) và áp dụng Cô - si, ta được: \(\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{b+c}{2c-b}\ge\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{a}{b}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{ca}{b^2}}\ge4\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Vì abc = 1 nên \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)\(=\frac{ac}{abc+ac+c}+\frac{abc}{abc^2+abc+ac}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{ac}{ac+c+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}=\frac{ac+c+1}{ac+c+1}=1\)(*)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức và áp dụng đẳng thức (*), ta được:
\(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\)\(=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(\frac{b}{bc+b+1}\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\right)^2}{c}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Ta phải chứng minh
\(\displaystyle \sum\)\(\frac{1+a}{b+c}\le2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\displaystyle \sum\)\(\frac{2a+b+c}{b+c}\le2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\displaystyle \sum\)\(\frac{2a}{b+c}+3\le2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}-\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c}-\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a}-\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{a\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab}{c\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(ac\right)^2}{abc\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{abc\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Mặt khác: Theo BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2bc+ab^2c+abc^2\right)=3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwwarz ta có:
\(\frac{\left(ac\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{abc\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Bài toán được chứng minh xong. Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
vì a, b, c > 0 nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si ta có:
\(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{bc}}=3a\) (vì \(abc\le1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{bc}\ge a\))
tương tự: \(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\ge3b\); \(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)
với mọi x,y,z >0 ta có: \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz};\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi x=y=z
ta có: \(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(2a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b
tương tự: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi b=c
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi c=a
Vậy \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ca+2a^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ac+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{2}{3}\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=\(\frac{3}{2}\)
