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a. Đề bài sai (thực chất là nó đúng 1 cách hiển nhiên nhưng "dạng" thế này nó sai sai vì ko ai cho kiểu này cả)
Ta có: \(abc=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow abc\ge27\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+5abc\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+5.27>>>>>8\)
b.
\(4=ab+bc+ca+abc=ab+bc+ca+\sqrt{ab.bc.ca}\le ab+bc+ca+\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}\right)^3}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}}=t\Rightarrow t^3+3t^2-4\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t+2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow t\ge1\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge3\)
- TH1: nếu \(a+b+c\ge4\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=4-abc\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+5abc\ge4^2-2.4+0=8\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;2;0\right)\) và các hoán vị)
- TH2: nếu \(3\le a+b+c< 4\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=p\ge3;ab+bc+ca=q;abc=r\)
\(P=p^2-2q+5r=p^2-2q+5\left(4-q\right)=p^2-7q+20\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schur:
\(4=q+r\ge q+\dfrac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}\Leftrightarrow q\le\dfrac{p^3+36}{4p+9}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge p^2-\dfrac{7\left(p^3+36\right)}{4p+9}+20=\dfrac{3\left(4-p\right)\left(p-3\right)\left(p+4\right)}{4p+9}+8\ge8\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\))
Hình như đề bài có vấn đề : thừa đk ab + bc + ac = abc
ta có : \(\frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}\ge\frac{\sqrt{4a^2b^2}}{ab}=\frac{2ab}{ab}=2\)
Tương tự \(\frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}\ge2\) ; \(\frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}+\frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\ge2+2+2=6>\sqrt{3}\)
1.
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
C/m : \(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}=1\) (*)
Thật vậy , (*) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+\left(a+2\right)\left(c+2\right)=\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12=abc+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+abc=4\) (Đ)
=> (*) đúng ( đpcm )
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với
\(\left(1-\frac{a^5-a^2}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\right)+\left(1-\frac{b^5-b^2}{b^5+c^2+a^2}\right)+\left(1-\frac{c^5-c^2}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\right)\le3\)
hay \(\frac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{b^5+c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\le\frac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Từ \(abc\ge1\) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\le\frac{1}{\frac{a^5}{abc}+b^2+c^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{a^4}{bc}+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\frac{2a^4}{b^2+c^2}+b^2+c^2}=\frac{b^2+c^2}{2a^4+\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)
Do \(4u^2+v^2\ge4uv\Leftrightarrow4u^2+v^2\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(u+v\right)^2\)nên
\(2a^4+\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
Suy ra \(\frac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\le\frac{3\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\frac{1}{b^5+c^2+a^2}\le\frac{3\left(c^2+a^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)
và \(\frac{1}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\le\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)
Cộng ba vế của các BĐT trên ta được
\(\frac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{b^5+c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\le\frac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a^5-a^2}{a^5+b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^5-b^2}{b^5+c^2+a^2}+\frac{c^5-c^2}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\ge0\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\))
Dễ dàng c/m : \(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}=1\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b+4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}\right)\)
Suy ra : \(\Sigma\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le2.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Ap dung bdt Mincopxki ta co
\(VT=\sqrt{\left(b-\frac{a}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\frac{c}{2}-b\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(b-\frac{a}{2}+\frac{c}{2}-b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a+c\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{c-a}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a+c\right)^2}=\sqrt{a^2+c^2+ac}=VP\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{ab},\frac{1}{bc},\frac{1}{ac}\right)\mapsto (x,y,z)\). ĐK chuyển thành \(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xyz=1\)
Ta cần CM \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq 2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\geq 2(xy+yz+xz)\) $(1)$
Vì \(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xyz=1\) nên tồn tại $m,n,p>0$ sao cho \(x=\frac{m}{\sqrt{(m+n)(m+p)}};y=\frac{n}{\sqrt{(n+p)(n+m)}};z=\frac{p}{\sqrt{(m+p)(n+p)}}\)
Khi đó \((1)\Leftrightarrow m\sqrt{n+p}+n\sqrt{m+p}+p\sqrt{m+n}\geq \frac{2mn}{\sqrt{m+n}}+\frac{2np}{\sqrt{n+p}}+\frac{2mp}{\sqrt{m+p}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{m(p-n)}{\sqrt{m+n}}+\frac{n(p-m)}{\sqrt{m+n}}+\frac{n(m-p)}{\sqrt{n+p}}+\frac{p(m-n)}{\sqrt{n+p}}+\frac{m(n-p)}{\sqrt{m+p}}+\frac{p(n-m)}{\sqrt{m+p}}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sum \frac{m(p-n)^2}{\sqrt{(m+n)(m+p)}(\sqrt{m+n})+\sqrt{m+p})}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó $(1)$ đúng, suy ra ta có đpcm
Dấu $=$ xảy ra khi $m=n=p$ hay $x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}$ hay $a=b=c=\sqrt{2}$