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Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{a}\) = \(\dfrac{y}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{z}{c}\) = k \(\Rightarrow\)x=ak;y=bk ; z=ck.
(x+y+z)2=(ak+bk+ ck)2=[k(a+b+c)]2=
k2(a+b+c)2=k2(vì a+b+c=1nên(a+b+c)2=1)(1)
x2+y2+z2=(ka)2+(kb)2+(kc)2=k2a2+k2b2+k2b2
=k2(a2+b2+c2)=k2 (vì a2+b2+c2=1) (2)
Từ (1) và (2), \(\Rightarrow\) (x+y+z)2=x2+y2+z2=k2
bài 1:
|x| = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) => x = \(\pm\)\(\dfrac{1}{3}\) |y| = 1 => y = \(\pm\)1
a
+) A = 2x\(^2\) - 3x + 5
= 2\(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\) - 3.\(\dfrac{1}{3}\) +5 = 2.\(\dfrac{1}{9}\) - 1 + 5
= \(\dfrac{2}{9}\) - 1 + 5 = \(\dfrac{2-9+45}{9}\) = \(\dfrac{38}{9}\)
+) A = 2x\(^2\) - 3x + 5
= 2\(\left(\dfrac{-1}{3}\right)^2\) - 3\(\left(\dfrac{-1}{3}\right)\) + 5
= 2.\(\dfrac{1}{9}\) - (-1) + 5 = \(\dfrac{2}{9}\) + 1 +5
= \(\dfrac{2+9+45}{9}\) = \(\dfrac{56}{9}\)
b) +) B = 2x\(^2\) - 3xy + y\(^2\)
= 2\(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\) - 3.\(\dfrac{1}{3}\).1 + 1\(^2\)
= 2.\(\dfrac{1}{9}\) - 1 + 1 = \(\dfrac{2}{9}\) - 1 + 1
= \(\dfrac{2-9+9}{9}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{9}\)
+) B = 2x\(^2\) - 3xy + y\(^2\)
= 2\(\left(\dfrac{-1}{3}\right)\)\(^2\) - 3\(\left(\dfrac{-1}{3}\right)\). 1 + 1\(^2\)
= 2.\(\dfrac{1}{9}\) - (-1) + 1 = \(\dfrac{2}{9}\) + 1 + 1
= \(\dfrac{2+9+9}{9}\) = \(\dfrac{20}{9}\)
bài 3
x.y.z = 2 và x + y + z = 0
A = ( x + y )( y +z )( z + x )
= x + y . y + z . z + x = ( x + y + z ) + ( x . y . z )
= 0 + 2 = 2
bài 4
a) | 2x - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) | - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) = 0 => | 2x - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) | = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
=> 2x - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) = \(\pm\) \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
+) 2x - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)= \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
=> 2x = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\)
x = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) : 2 = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) . \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
+) 2x - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\)
2x = \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) = 0
x = 0 : 2 = 2
5a.
\(\dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+....+\dfrac{1}{19.21}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+....+\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{21}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{21}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{20}{21}=\dfrac{10}{21}\)
b.
\(\dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+....+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)< \dfrac{1}{2}.1=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a: \(=-a^5\cdot b^2\cdot xy^2z^{n-1}\cdot b^3c\cdot x^4z^{7-n}=-a^5b^5c\cdot x^5y^2z^6\)
Hệ số là \(-a^5b^5c\)
Bậc là 13
b: \(=\dfrac{9}{10}a^3x^2y\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}ax^5y^2z=\dfrac{3}{2}a^4x^7y^3z\)
Hệ số là \(\dfrac{3}{2}a^4\)
Bậc là 11
Ta có:\(\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=\dfrac{x+z+2}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-3}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{y+z+1+x+z+2+x+y-3}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+x\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)(theo tính chất của DTSBN)
Suy ra:\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=2\)=>x+y+z=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=>y+z=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)-x
Tương tự, ta có được:
x+z=\(\dfrac{1}{2}-y\)
x+y=\(\dfrac{1}{2}-z\)
Thay các kết quả vừa tìm được, ta có:
\(\dfrac{0,5-x+1}{x}=\dfrac{0,5-y+2}{y}\dfrac{0,5-z-3}{z}=2\)=>\(\dfrac{1,5-x}{x}=\dfrac{2,5-y}{y}=\dfrac{-2,5-z}{z}=2\)
=>x=\(\dfrac{1}{2},y=\dfrac{5}{6},z=\dfrac{-5}{6}\)
Thay x=\(\dfrac{1}{2},y=\dfrac{5}{6},z=\dfrac{-5}{6}\)vào biểu thức A, ta có:
A=2018.\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)+\(\left(\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^{2017}\)+\(\left(\dfrac{-5}{6}\right)^{2017}\)
=>A=1009+\(\left[\left(\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^{2017}+\left(\dfrac{-5}{6}\right)^{2017}\right]\)
=>A=1009+0
=>A=1009
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức A là 1009
Áp dụng tc dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{1}=x+y+z\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
Từ \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\)
Áp dụng tc dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{1}=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=x^2+y^2+z^z\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
+Ta có :\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{1}\)(vì a + b+c =1)
=>\(\left(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}\right)=\left(\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}\right)=\left(\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)2}{1}\)(1)
+Vì \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{1}\)(vì a2 + b2 + c2 =1 ) (2)
Từ (1) và(2)=> ( x + y + z )2 = x2 + y2 + z2.
Vậy.........