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Đặt A= \(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}\)
Đặt x = b + c - a, y = a + c - b, z =a + b -c
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=2c\\y+z=2a\\x+z=2b\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=\dfrac{x+y}{2}\\a=\dfrac{y+z}{2}\\b=\dfrac{x+z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{y+z}{2}}{x}+\dfrac{\dfrac{x+z}{2}}{y}+\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{2}}{z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\)
Theo bất đẳng thức Cô -si luôn đúng với m, n \(\ge0\)
=> \(m+n\ge2\sqrt{m.n}\) . Dấu '=' xảy ra kh m = n
=> Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{x}{y}}=2\left(1\right)\\\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{z}{x}.\dfrac{x}{z}}=2\\\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{z}{y}.\dfrac{y}{z}}=2\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(2\right)\)
Cộng từng vế 3 bất đẳng thức (1) (2) (3) , ta được:
A \(\ge6\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}\ge6.\)Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a = b =c.
\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a^2}{ab+ac-a^2}+\dfrac{2b^2}{ba+bc-b^2}+\dfrac{2c^2}{ca+cb-c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-a^2-b^2-c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a^2+b^2+c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2}=6\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a = b = c
Lời giải:
\((3a+2b)(3a+2c)=16bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 9a^2+6a(b+c)=12bc\)
Theo BĐT Cô-si \(4bc\leq (b+c)^2\Rightarrow 9a^2+6a(b+c)\leq 3(b+c)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow 3a^2+2a(b+c)\leq (b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+c)^2-3a^2-2a(b+c)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+c)^2-9a^2-2a(b+c)+6a^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+c-3a)(b+c+3a)-2a(b+c-3a)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+c-3a)(b+c+a)\geq 0\)
Vì $a+b+c>0$ nên \(b+c-3a\geq 0\Rightarrow b+c\geq 3a\) (đpcm)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si và kết quả phần a:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{9a}+\frac{8(b+c)}{9a}\)
\(\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{9a}}+\frac{8(b+c)}{9a}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{8(b+c)}{9a}\geq \frac{2}{3}+\frac{8.3a}{9a}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{8}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Theo BĐT Bu nhi a cốp xki ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\right)\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\ge\dfrac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{3a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{16}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3b+3c+2a}=\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{16}{\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(a+b\right)+\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3c+3a+2b}=\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{16}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế của BĐT ta được :
\(\dfrac{1}{3a+3b+2c}+\dfrac{1}{3b+3c+2a}+\dfrac{1}{3c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.6=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy GTLN của A là \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\)
=> bc+ac+ab=0
ta có
\(bc+ac=-ab\)
<=> \(\left(bc+ac\right)^2=a^2b^2\)
<=> \(b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2abc^2=a^2b^2\)
<=> \(b^2c^2+a^2c^2-a^2b^2=-2abc^2\)
tương tự
\(a^2b^2+b^2c^2-c^2a^2=-2ab^2c\)
\(c^2a^2+a^2b^2-b^2c^2=-2a^2bc\)
thay vào E ta đc
\(E=\dfrac{-a^2b^2c^2}{2ab^2c}-\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{2abc^2}-\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{2a^2bc}\)
=\(-\dfrac{ac}{2}-\dfrac{ab}{2}-\dfrac{bc}{2}=\dfrac{-\left(ac+ab+bc\right)}{2}=0\) (vì ac+bc+ab=0 cmt)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương a , b , c , ta có :
\(D=\dfrac{a}{a+2b}+\dfrac{b}{b+2c}+\dfrac{c}{c+2a}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2ab}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ac}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=1\)Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)