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Gọi cái vế trái của BĐT cần c/m là P
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si dạng \(\frac{1}{a+b+c+x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a = b = c = x = y = z
và \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a = b = c = x = y = z
Ta có \(\frac{1}{10a+b+c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+a\right)+\left(a+a\right)+\left(a+a\right)+\left(a+a\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+4.\frac{1}{a+a}\right)\le\frac{1}{36}\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{2}{a}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{36}\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{2}{a}\right]\) (1)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{10b+c+a}\le\frac{1}{36}\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\frac{2}{b}\right]\) (2)
và \(\frac{1}{10c+a+b}\le\frac{1}{36}\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{2}{c}\right]\) (3)
Cộng (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế ta được
\(P\le\frac{1}{36}\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)\right]=...=\frac{1}{12}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Kết hợp \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\le\frac{1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}{6}\) (theo đề bài) và BĐT \(xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)
Ta có \(P^2\le\frac{1}{144}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{144}\left[\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\right]\)
\(\le\frac{1}{144}\left(\frac{1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}{6}+\frac{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\right)\)
Suy ra \(P^2\le\frac{1}{144}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\le\frac{1}{144}\left(\frac{1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}{6}+\frac{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\right)\)
Đặt \(t=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\) thì \(\frac{1}{144}t^2\le\frac{1}{144}\left(\frac{1+t}{6}+\frac{2t^2}{3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(2t^2-t-1\le0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{-1}{2}\le t\le1\)
Do đó \(P^2\le\frac{1}{144}t^2\le\frac{1}{144}.1^2=\frac{1}{144}\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(P\le\frac{1}{12}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a=b=c=3\)
Câu 1: Đặt \(S=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(1-y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(3-3y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}\le\frac{3-3x+x+1}{2}=\frac{4-2x}{2}=2-x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}\ge\frac{x}{2-x}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(3-3y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\ge\frac{y}{2-y}\)
Từ đó: \(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{x}{2-x}+\frac{y}{2-y}=\frac{x^2}{2x-x^2}+\frac{y^2}{2y-y^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz: \(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{x^2}{2x-x^2}+\frac{y^2}{2y-y^2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x+y\right)-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}=\frac{1}{2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{1}{2-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow S\ge\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\)(ĐPCM).
Dấu bằng có <=> \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\).
Câu 4: Sửa đề CMR: \(abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}+\frac{1}{1+d}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+d}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{bcd}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)(AM-GM)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{acd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)\(;\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân 4 BĐT trên theo vế thì có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge81\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(abcd\right)^3}{\left[\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\right]^3}}\)
\(=81.\frac{abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow81.abcd\le1\Leftrightarrow abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu "=" có <=> \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{3}\).
1)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{1}{1+b}+\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{1+a}\ge1-\dfrac{1}{1+b}-1-\dfrac{1}{1+c}=\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}\\\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge1-\dfrac{1}{1+a}+1-\dfrac{1}{1+c}=\dfrac{a}{1+a}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}\\\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge1-\dfrac{1}{1+a}+1-\dfrac{1}{1+b}=\dfrac{a}{1+a}+\dfrac{b}{1+b}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{1+a}\ge\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\\\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge\dfrac{a}{1+a}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\\\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge\dfrac{a}{1+a}+\dfrac{b}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nhân theo từng vế
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge8\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2\left(1+c\right)^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{8abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge8abc\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\le\dfrac{1}{8}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}< =>\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}< =>\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab< =>\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(lđ\right).\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{b\left(a+b\right)+a\left(a+b\right)-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)(luon dung)
Lời giải:
Bài toán cần bổ sung điều kiện $n\in\mathbb{N}>1$
Quy nạp.
Với $n=2,3$ thì bài toán hiển nhiên đúng
.....
Giả sử bài toán đúng đến $n$. Tức là:
$A_n=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}....\frac{2n-1}{2n}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{3n+1}}$
Ta cần chứng minh nó cũng đúng với $n+1$, tức là $A_{n+1}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{3n+4}}$
Thật vậy:
$A_{n+1}=A_n.\frac{2n+1}{2n+2}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{3n+1}}.\frac{2n+1}{2n+2}$
Giờ chỉ cần CM: $\frac{1}{\sqrt{3n+1}}.\frac{2n+1}{2n+2}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{3n+4}}$
$\Leftrightarrow (2n+1)^2(3n+4)< (2n+2)^2(3n+1)$
$\Leftrightarrow -n< 0$ (luôn đúng)
Vậy phép quy nạp hoàn thành. Ta có đpcm.
ta có:\(\frac{a}{a+1}=1-\frac{1}{a+1};\frac{2b}{2+b}=2-\frac{4}{2+b};\frac{3c}{3+c}=3-\frac{9}{3+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+a}+\frac{2b}{2+b}+\frac{3c}{3+c}\le\left(1+2+3\right)-\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{4}{b+2}+\frac{9}{c+3}\right)\)
\(\le6-\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+1+2+3}=6-\frac{36}{7}=\frac{6}{7}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)