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b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\) (chuyển vế qua)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
Do VP >=0 với mọi a, b, c. Nên để đăng thức xảy ra thì a = b = c
1) Có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-3abc=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
2)Có: \(a+b-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3abc=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-c^3=-3abc\)
Bài 1:
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3\right]-\left(b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c-a\right)\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)a+a^2\right]-\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2-bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac+a^2+ab+ac+a^2\right)-\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2-bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(3a^2+3ab+3ac+2bc+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2-bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(3a^2+3ab+3ac+2bc+b^2+c^2-b^2+bc-c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(3a^2+3ab+3ac+3bc\right)\)
\(=3\left(b+c\right)\left(a^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(=3\left(b+c\right)\left[a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\)
\(=3\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
b) \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Bài 2:
Từ câu 1b ta đã chứng minh được:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
Thay a + b + c = 0 vào ta được
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^3+ab^2+ac^2-a^2b-a^2c-abc+a^2b+b^3+bc^2-ab^2-\)
\(abc-b^2c+ca^2+bc^2+c^3-abc-ac^2-bc^2\)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-3abc=-c^3\)
b) Ta có: \(a+b-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-c^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-c^3=-3abc\)
=> đpcm
Ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=3abc\)
Đặt \(\left(a+b+c,ab+bc+ac,abc\right)=\left(p,q,r\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow p^2-3q=3r\)
Khi đó \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=p^3+3pq+3r=p\left(p^2-3q\right)+3r=3pr+3r\)
Vậy .....
Chúc bạn học tốt!
a) Tương tự: https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/question/402917.html
b)
a + b + c = 0
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\a+c=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)
a(a + b)(a + c) = a . (- b) . (- c) = abc
b(b + a)(b + c) = b . (- c) . (- a) = abc
c(c + a)(c + b) = c . (- b) . (- a) = abc
=> đpcm
Phương An b giúp mk bài nx có đc kg ạ