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Câu hỏi của hoàng thị huyền trang - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Em tham khảo nhé!
Từ giả thiết: \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}=7\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c}=7-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\)
Xét hạng tử: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c}-6}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}+7-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}-6}=\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)}\)
Từ đó: \(N=\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}-3}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}-3}{\sqrt{abc}-\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)+\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)-1}\)
\(=\frac{7-3}{3-\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)+7-1}=\frac{4}{9-\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)}\)
Mặt khác: \(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2-\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=13\)
Suy ra: \(N=\frac{4}{9-13}=-1\). Kết luận: N = -1.
Từ giả thiết: \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}=7\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c}=7-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}a+b+c=7⇔c=7−a−b
Xét hạng tử: \frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c}-6}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}+7-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}-6}=\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)}ab+c−61=ab+7−a−b−61=(a−1)(b−1)1
Từ đó: N=\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}N=(a−1)(b−1)1+(b−1)(c−1)1+(c−1)(a−1)1
=\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}-3}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}-3}{\sqrt{abc}-\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)+\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)-1}=(a−1)(b−1)(c−1)a+b+c−3=abc−(ab+bc+ca)+(a+b+c)−1a+b+c−3
=\frac{7-3}{3-\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)+7-1}=\frac{4}{9-\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)}=3−(ab+bc+ca)+7−17−3=9−(ab+bc+ca)4
Mặt khác: \sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2-\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=13ab+bc+ca=2(a+b+c)2−(a+b+c)=13
Suy ra: N=\frac{4}{9-13}=-1N=9−134=−1. Kết luận: N = -1.
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Ta có \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2=a+b+c+2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)\Leftrightarrow7^2=23+2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}=13\)
Ta lại có \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}=7\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c}-6=-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c}-6=\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+1=\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)=\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{a}-6=\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)\)
\(\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{b}-6=\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)\)
Vậy A=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c}-6}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{a}-6}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ca}+\sqrt{b}-6}=\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{c}-1+\sqrt{a}-1+\sqrt{b}-1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{c}-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)-3}{\sqrt{abc}+\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)-\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)}=\dfrac{7-3}{3+7-13-1}=-1\)
Xét a=1,b=4,c=9 thì P=0
Xét \(a>1,b>4,c>9\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(P=\frac{bc.\sqrt{a-1}.1+\frac{ca}{2}.\sqrt{b-4}.2+\frac{ab}{3}.\sqrt{c-9}.3}{abc}\)
\(\le\frac{bc.\frac{a-1+1}{2}+\frac{ca}{2}.\frac{b-4+4}{2}+\frac{ab}{3}.\frac{c-9+9}{2}}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{abc}{2}+\frac{abc}{4}+\frac{abc}{6}}{abc}=\frac{\frac{11}{12}abc}{abc}=\frac{11}{12}\)
Nên GTLN của P là \(\frac{11}{12}\) đạt được khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a-1}=1\\\sqrt{b-4}=2\\\sqrt{c-9}=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a-1=1\\b-4=4\\c-9=9\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=8\\c=18\end{cases}}\)
\(P=\frac{bc\sqrt{a-1}+ca\sqrt{b-4}+ab\sqrt{c-9}}{abc}=\frac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c-9}}{c}\)
Vì \(a\ge1;b\ge4;c\ge9\). Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho các số dương ta được:
\(\sqrt{a-1}=1\cdot\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{1+a-1}{2}=\frac{a}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a-1}=1\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
\(\sqrt{b-4}=2\cdot\sqrt{b-4}\le\frac{4+b-4}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b-4}=2\Leftrightarrow b=8\)
\(\sqrt{c-9}=3\cdot\sqrt{c-9}\le\frac{9+c-9}{2}=\frac{c}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c-9}=3\Leftrightarrow c=18\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c-9}}{c}\le\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{b}{2b}+\frac{c}{2c}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy GTLN của P\(=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=8;c=18\)
Bài 1 :
a) \(ĐKXĐ:\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\x\ne4\\x\ne9\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(1-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right):\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{3-\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{x-9-x+4+\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
b) Để \(A< -1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}< -1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-2< -\sqrt{x}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}< 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x< \frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy để \(A< -1\Leftrightarrow x< \frac{1}{4}\)