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Áp dụng bđt Svacxơ ta có : VT >= (a+b+c)^2/(2a+2b+2c) = (a+b+c)/2 = VP
=> đpcm
áp dụng bdt svacxơ => VT >=(a+b+c)^2/(2a+2b+2c) = (a+b+c)/2 = VP (dpcm)
Xét hiểu hai vế: \(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b+c}-\frac{a}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{b^2}{c+a}-\frac{b}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{a+b}-\frac{c}{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a^2-ab\right)+\left(a^2-ac\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(b^2-bc\right)+\left(b^2-ab\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\left(c^2-ca\right)+\left(c^2-bc\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(a-b\right)+a\left(a-c\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b\left(b-c\right)+b\left(b-a\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c\left(c-a\right)+c\left(c-b\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{a\left(a-b\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{b\left(a-b\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)}\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a-b\right)}{2}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}-\frac{b}{c+a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a-b\right)}{2}\left(\frac{a^2+ac-b^2-bc}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a-b\right)}{2}\left(\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{2\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\) (BĐT đúng)
\(\Rightarrow Q.E.D\)
Xảy ra đẳng thức khi a = b =c
Áp dụng BĐT Svácxơ, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{81}{12}=\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" ⇔ a=b=c=3
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(b+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9a^2\left(b+1\right)}{16\left(b+1\right)}}=\dfrac{3a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(c+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3b}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+b+c+3\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{27}{4}\ge\dfrac{27}{2}\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
áp dung BĐT cô si \(=>\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=9\)
vì a+b+c=1 => dpcm
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)>=9\)
<=>1+1+1 +\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\)>=9 (*)
áp đụng cô si
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}>=2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{a}}=2\)
tương tự
\(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}>=2\)
\(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}>=2\)
=> (*) đúng Mà a+b+c=1
=> đpcm
Bài này giải bằng Bunhiacopxki (kết hợp nguyên lý Dirichlet) chứ AM-GM thì e là không ổn:
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số \(a^2;b^2;c^2\) luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với 1, không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là \(b^2\) và \(c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow b^2c^2+1\ge b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow b^2c^2+2b^2+2c^2+4\ge3b^2+3c^2+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b^2+2\right)\left(c^2+2\right)\ge3\left(b^2+c^2+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+2\right)\left(b^2+2\right)\left(c^2+2\right)\ge3\left(a^2+1+1\right)\left(1+b^2+c^2\right)\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)^2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
(a^2+b^2)/2>=ab
<=>(a^2+b^2)>=2ab
<=> a^2+2ab+b^2>=2ab
<=>a^2+b^2>=0(luôn đúng)
=> điều phải chứng minh.
Xét hiệu: \(a^2+b^2-2ab=\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
=> \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
Dấu "=" xra <=> a = b
Áp dụng ta có:
a) \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge2a.2b.2c=8abc\)
dấu "=" xra <=> a = b = c = 1
b) \(\left(a^2+4\right)\left(b^2+4\right)\left(c^2+4\right)\left(d^2+4\right)\ge4a.4b.4c.4d=256abcd\)
Dấu "=" xra <=> a = b= c = d = 2
Áp dụng BDT Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left[\left(\sqrt{x+y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y+z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x+z}\right)^2\right]\left[\frac{x^2}{\left(\sqrt{x+y}\right)^2}+\frac{y^2}{\left(\sqrt{y+z}\right)^2}+\frac{z^2}{\left(\sqrt{x+z}\right)^2}\right]\)\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+z}\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+z}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)