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a) Ta có BĐT:
\(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+abc\ge ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Tương tự cho 2 bất đẳng thức còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{bc\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{ca\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{abc}=VP\)
Khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(a^2=x;b^2=y;c^2=z\)
Ta có:\(\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}}\le\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{4x\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\frac{3\left(x+z\right)}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left[\frac{4x\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{3\left(x+z\right)}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\right]\)
Tương tự với \(\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}}\)và \(\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}}\)
Cộng lại ta được:
\(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\left[\frac{x\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right]+\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\le\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
Sau đó bình phương hai vế rồi
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge8xyz\)đẳng thức đúng
Vậy...
Bài 2:
Trước hết ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau:
\(\frac{a}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{b}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{c}{4c+4a+b}\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Nhân cả hai vế bđt với 4(a+b+c)4(a+b+c) rồi thu gọn ta được bđt sau:
\(\frac{4a\left(a+b+c\right)}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{4b\left(a+b+c\right)}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{4c\left(a+b+c\right)}{4c+4a+b}\)\(\le\frac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\left[\frac{4a\left(a+b+c\right)}{4a+4b+}-a\right]+\left[\frac{4b\left(a+b+c\right)}{4b+4c+a}-b\right]+\left[\frac{4c\left(a+b+c\right)}{4c+4a+b}-c\right]\le\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)
\(\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{ab}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{bc}{4c+4a+b}\le\frac{a+b+c}{9}\)
Áp dụng bđt cauchy-Schwarz ta có \(\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}=\frac{ca}{\left(2b+c\right)+2\left(2a+b\right)}\)\(\le\frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{2}{2a+b}\right)\)
Từ đó ta có:
\(\text{∑}\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\text{∑}\left(\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\frac{2ca}{2a+b}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\text{ ∑}\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\text{ ∑}\frac{2ca}{2a+b}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\text{ ∑}\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\text{ ∑}\frac{2ab}{2b+c}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{9}\)
Đặt VT=A rồi áp dụng bđt cauchy-Schwarz cho VT ta có
\(T^2\le3\left(\frac{a}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{b}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{c}{4c+4a+b}\right)\)\(\le3\cdot\frac{1}{3}=1\Leftrightarrow T\le1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
c bạn tự làm nhé mình mệt rồi :D
\(\sqrt{a+bc}=\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}=\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}\)
\(=\sqrt{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si :
\(\sqrt{\frac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\)
Chứng minh tương tự với các phân thức còn lại, cộng theo vế ta có :
\(VT\le\frac{\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ac}{c+b}+\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 2:b) \(9=\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b^3}+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c^3}+1+1\right)\)
\(\ge3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\therefore\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le3\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\le\frac{1}{48}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
Ai có cách hay?
1/Đặt a=1/x,b=1/y,c=1/z ->x+y+z=1.
2a) \(VT=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
\(=\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{a^4b^4}\right]}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{a^3b^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{4\left(ab\right)^3}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{4\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\right]^3}=\frac{16}{\left(a+b\right)^3}\)
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Vì abc = 1 nên ta có thể đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y};\frac{y}{z};\frac{z}{x}\right)\). Khi đó:
\(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{xy+xz+2yz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}\right)\left(\text{ }\right)\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
\(\le\frac{3}{4}\left[\Sigma_{cyc}yz\left(\frac{1}{xy+yz}+\frac{1}{xz+yz}\right)\right]=\frac{3}{4}\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{xy+yz}{xy+yz}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z hay a = b = c = 1
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Ta có đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(\frac{xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z+x\right)+2xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)}{z}+\frac{\left(y+z\right)}{x}+\frac{\left(z+x\right)}{y}+2=\frac{\left(x+y\right)}{z}.\frac{\left(y+z\right)}{x}.\frac{\left(z+x\right)}{y}\)
Đặt \(\frac{x+y}{z}=a;\frac{y+z}{x}=b;\frac{z+x}{y}=c\) thì ta thu được giả thiết.
Vậy tồn tại các số x, y, z > 0 sao cho \(a=\frac{x+y}{z};b=\frac{y+z}{x};c=\frac{z+x}{y}\)
BĐT quy về: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{z}{y+z}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
P/s: Em không chắc về cách trình bày ở chỗ phần đặt..., nhưng cách đặt trên luôn tồn tại đó!
Cách khác tự nhiên hơn!
\(a+b+c+2=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a+1};\frac{1}{b+1};\frac{1}{c+1}\right)=\left(z;x;y\right)\text{ thì }x+y+z=1\Rightarrow a=\frac{1-z}{z}=\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Tương tự: \(b=\frac{y+z}{x};c=\frac{z+x}{y}\). Rồi giải như bài ban nãy.